Human life-span Essay

The answer in my own broad based opinion based on what I have read, is that the term, Learning is a cognitive process of acquiring reinvigorated concepts and skills, in order to complete a task which in-turn increases companionship and understanding of the subject ara to be lift upt. In addition, souls pass on be able to build on past experiences to identify how a situation could be improved, and then with this knowledge make actual improvements. Furthermore, encyclopaedism is influenced from the environment in which we find ourselves, which reflects greatly in our behaviour. Moreover, it is continuum through and throughout the gentle life-span.In comparison the term, Development refers to the biological process by which a hu gay organism buzz offs and functions through its life-span. Development preempt be monitored by physical result, and a marked change in performance which is unremarkably associated with progression of increasing knowledge and skills. Development hap pens gradually over a period of time, allowing exercises to be built upon and improved, which is similar to the learnedness process. Development seems to be sequential with age, and I believe what happens in the primaeval stages of reading faecal matter have a significant affect in the later stages of development.Furthermore, development can be influenced by our own personal experiences within the environment. It is alpha to understand that there is a clear difference between schooling and development. Learning occurs within specific situations and development is linked to functionality and physical growth, however, they are closely related, but have separate meanings. Educational pi iodiner, Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) urged early classs educators to respect the sanctity of children learning and developing new skills through this statementWe grant space and time to young plants and animals because we know that, in accordance with the laws that live in them, they will deve lop properly and grow well. Young animals and plants are given rest and arbitrary interference with their growth is avoided, because it is known that the opposite practice would disturb their pure unfolding and fail development but the young human being is looked upon as a piece of wax or a lump of clay which man can mould into what he pleases, (www. Geocities. com).The origins of learning conjecture are in an area of philosophy called Epistemology, a field concerned with how we acquire knowledge. devil philosophical traditions emerged from the writings of the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. These traditions are nativism, (Plato) and empiricism, (Aristotle). In the early seventeenth century before the beginnings of modern Psychology, there was a philosophical debate between the empiricists and the nativists, known more commonly today as the nature-nurture debate.The nature-nurture debate is an another(prenominal) example of determinism. The debate is concerned wi th what causes something to develop. On one side, nativists see development as arising from innate factors from communicable characteristics. On the other side, empiricists see development occurring because of experience and learning. British philosopher John Locke, (1632-1704) the founder of empiricism, mature the hypothesis that children learn generally from external forces, he implied Without nurture, we are null (Haralambos & sift 2002, p. 761).Empiricists believed that the human infant is born(p) with no skills or knowledge they refer to the infant as a, Tabula rasa, or Blank slate. The rationale skunk this idea is that the knowledge and skills will be, Written on the child by the knowledgeable hand of experience, and influenced by environmental factors. Furthermore, the infant will learn through instruction from others, in addition too their own adopt experiences, which in-turn will determine their achievements.Nativists (such as Jean- Jacques Rousseau 1712- 1778) in contrast, argue that we are born with innate intelligence, in addition to genetic inheritance which determines intellectual achievement and, to some extent, personality. William Mcdougal, (Nativist- 1908) states The human mind has certain innate or inherited tendencies which are the essential springs or motive powers of all thought and action, whether single(a) or collective, and are the bases from which the character and will of individuals and of nations are gradually developed, (Haralambos & Rice 2002, p.761).A modern form of the, (Nurture debate) relating to learning theory was proposed by B. F Skinner (1904-1990) in the form of behaviourism. The Behaviourists believed that human behaviour is learned. Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behaviour, in relation to what we can see, how people react, in addition to how people behave. Behaviour theorists define learning as nothing more than an acquisition of new behaviour.Skinners the ory is based on the idea that learning occurs through a process of reinforcement. He believes changes in behaviour are the result of an individuals response to events, (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence, for e. g. when children utter secures and words which are to become their native language, and are greeted with a positive response. This positive response is the reinforcement which encourages the child to repeat the sound of the word, which in turn reinforces learning.Furthermore, behaviourists support the, Transmission Model of learning (Nurture) as the model uses the hand of experience, the knowledgeable adult to nurture the child through the learning process, enabling them to control what learning takes place. The Social Learning theory developed from behaviorism. Albert Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura, (1977) states Learning would be exceedi ngly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.