Privacy Preserving Data Mining in Partitioned Databases

concealing Preserving info moing in Partiti mavind DatabasesA survey concealment preserving info mining in horizont everyy softenitioned entropybasesKomal Kapadia, Ms.Raksha Chauhan_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Abstract concealing preserving info mining techniques atomic fleck 18 introduced with the aim of extract the relevant knowledge from the salient amount of selective in contour lineation turn protecting the sensible information at the akin time. The success of entropy mining relies on the availability of gamy quality information. To ensure quality of data mining, effective information overlap amidst organizations becomes a vital requirement in todays society. concealment preserving data mining deals with hiding an individuals elegant identity without sacrificing the usability of data. Whenever we atomic number 18 concerning with data mining, Security is measure issue while extract ing data. Privacy Preserving Data Mining concerns with the security measures of data and provide the data on demand as well as amount of data that is required.Index Terms data mining, cover preserving, ECC cryptography, randomized chemical reaction technique._______________________________________________________________________________________________INTRODUCTIONData mining techniques have been widely determinationd in some(prenominal) areas especi comp permitelyy for strategic decision making. The main threat of data mining is to security and concealing of data residing in large data stores. Some of the information considered as private and secret rump be bought out with shape upd data mining tools. Different research efforts are under way to address this trouble of privateness preserving and preserving security. The privacy border has wide range of different meanings. For example, in the context of the health damages accountability and portability act privacy eclipse , privacy means the individuals ability to control who has the access to personal health care information. In organization, privacy means that it involves the definition of policies stating which information is collected, how it is used, how customers are involved and aware in this process. We can considering privacy as Individuals go for and ability to keep certain information about themselves hidden from differents. Privacy preserving data mining refers to the area of data mining that seeks to safeguard fond information from unsolicited disclosure. Historically, issues related to PPDM were first examine by the interior(a) statistical agencies interested in collecting private social and frugal data, such as census and tax records, and making it available for epitome by creation servants, companies, and researchers. Building accurate socio-economical innovativeels is vital for business training and public policy. Yet, there is no way of knowing in advance what advancedel s may be needed, nor is it feasible for the statistical agency to perform all data processing for everyone, playing the role of a indisputable deuce-ace company. Instead, the agency provides the data in a sanitized form that allows statistical processing and protects the privacy of individual records, solving a problem known as privacy preserving data publishing. There are many methods for preserving the privacy. In this surevey many methods try to compute the answer to the mining without reveal any additional information about user privacy.Progress in scientific research depends on the sharing and availability of information and ideas. scarcely the researchers are mainly foc utilise on preserving the security or privacy of individuals. This issue leads to an emerging research area, privacy preserving data mining. For privacy preserving data mining, many authors proposed many technologies. The main aim of this paper is, to develop expeditious methodology to find privacy preserv ing.LITERATURE SURVEYWe have studied some of the related work for the privacy preserving in horizontally partitioned databases. active work for privacy preserving in horizonatally partitioned database has different types of techniques.TYPES OF PRIVACY PRESERVING TECHNIQUESSemi secure companionshipWithout trusted partyWith trusted partyIn without trusted party individually party willinging calculate their own incomplete livelihood and add their own random number and delegates the result to the future(a) party in the ring so that the early(a) party will never know the result of former(a)s and in last the initiator party will disclose the result that is global support.In trusted party each party will calculate their partial support and circularise to the trusted party and add the own random number and send to the next coming localise in the ring so that other party will never know the result of other parties aft(prenominal) that trusted party will disclose the result and send to all internet sites that presents in the ring.Fig. 1 Framework of privacy preserving data mining5SECURE MULTIPARTY dialogueApproximately all Privacy Preserving data mining techniques rely on Secure multi party communication protocol. Secure multi party communication is outlined as a counting protocol at the last part of which no party involved knows anything else except its own inputs the outcome, i.e. the view of each party during the execution can be effectively simulated by the input and output of the party. Secure multi party communication has commonly intemperate on two forward-lookingels of security. The semi-honest model as jointes that every party follows the rule of the protocol, nevertheless is free to later use what it sees during execution of the protocol. The malicious model assumes that parties can arbitrarily cheat and such cheating will non agree moreover security or the outcome, i.e. the results from the malicious party will be correct or the malici ous party will be detected. closely of the Privacy Preserving data mining techniques assume an intermediate model, Preserving Privacy with non-colluding parties. A malicious party May dishonest the results, but will not be able to learn the private data of other parties without colluding with another(prenominal) party.(1)MHS algorithmic program FOR HORIZONTALLY PARTITION DATABASEM. Hussein et al.s Scheme (MHS) was introduced to make better privacy or security and try to reduce communication monetary value on increasing number of sites. Behind this main idea was to use effective cryptosystem and rearrange the communication path. For this, two sites were discovered. This algorithm works with minimum 3 sites. One site acts as Data Mining provoker and other site as a Data Mining Combiner. Rests of other sites were called client sites. This scenario was able to decrease communication time. Fig. shows MHS algorithm.The working of the algorithm is as followsThe initiator generates RS A public tell apart and a private key. It sends the public key to combiner and all other client sites.2. Each site, except initiator computes habitual accompanimentset and local support for each buy at itemset utilise Local Data Mining .3. All Client sites encrypt their computed data using public key and send it to the combiner.4. The combiner merges the received data with its own encrypted data, encrypts it again and sends it to initiator to find global standoff rules.5. Initiator decrypts the received data using the private key. Then it merges its own local data mining data and computes to find global results.6. Finally, it finds global association rules and sends it to all other sites.Fig.2 MHS algorithm11(2) EMHS ALGORITHM FOR HORIZONTALLY PARTITION DATABASEEnhanced M. Hussein et al.s Scheme (EMHS) was introduced to alter privacy and reduce communication cost on increasing number of sites. This algorithm also works with minimum 3 sites. One site acts as Data Mining Initia tor and other site as a Data Mining Combiner. Rests of other sites were called client sites . But this algorithm works on the concept of MFI (Maximal ordinary Itemset) rather of Frequent Itemset.a) MFI (Maximal Frequent Itemset) A Frequent Itemset which is not a subset of any other frequent itemset is called MFI. By using MFI, communication cost is reduced .b) RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) Algorithm one of the widely used public key cryptosystem. It is based on retentiveness factoring product of two large prime numbers secret. happy chance RSA encryption is tough.(3)MODIFIED EMHS ALGORITHM FOR HORIZONTALLY PARTIOTION DATABASEIn this technique, they used modified EMHS algorithm for improving its efficiency by using Elliptic curve cryptography. here(predicate) Elgamal cryptography technique is used which is of ECC for homomorphic encryption.ELLIPTIC CURVE codingElliptic curve cryptography provides public cryptosystem based on the descrete log problem over integer modulo a prime. Elliptic curve cryptosystem requires a great deal shorter key length to provide a security level same as RSA with larger key length. In this elgamal cryptography is used.ELGAMAL CRYPTOGRAPHYa)A wishes to mass meeting message M with B9.b) B first chooses Prime Number p, reservoir g and private key x.c)B computes its Public Key Y = gx mod p and sends it to A.d) Now A chooses a random number k.e) A calculates one time key K = Yk mod p.f) A calculates C1 = gk mod p and C2 = M*K mod p and sends (C1,C2) to B.g) B calculates K = C1x mod ph) B calculates K-1 = inverse of K mod p i)B recovers M = K-1 * C2 mod pj) Thus, Message M is exchanged between A and B securely.In this system, Elgamal cryptography paillier cryptosystem is used. Here, Elgamal cryptography is used for security purpose. Compared to EMHS algorithm here performance is better in terms of computation time.RANDOMIZED RESPONSE TECHNIQUEIn this technique, here mainly focus on CK secure sum in randomized response technique f or privacy preserving. Here, the multi party transaction data who discover frequent item sets with minimum support.In the randomized response technique, consider the data sets I = I1, I2, I3In and the random number or noise part are denoted by R= R1, R2, R3 Rn, the new set of records are denoted by I1+R1, I2+R2 .In+Rn and after that take a partial support Pij = Pi1, Pi2..Pin so that partial support isP ij=I+R10I=Pij-R10In randomized response secure sum technique, secure sum each site will determine their own data value and send to forerunner site that near to pilot program site and this goes on till the original site collects all the value of data after that the parent site will determine the global support.CK SECURE SUM ALGORITHM10Step1-Consider parties P1, P2, P3Pn.Step2-Each party will generate their own random number R1, R2.RNStep3-Connect the parties in the ring (P1, P2, P3PN) and let P1 is aprotocol initiator.Step4-Let RC=N, and Pij=0 (RC is round counter and Pij is partial support)Step5-Partial support P1 site calculating by using following formulaPsij = Xij.support Min support * DB + RN1 RNnStep6-Site P2 computes the PSj for each item received the list using theList using the formula,PSij= PSij + Xij. Support minimum support * DB +Rn1-Rn (i-1)Step7-While RC =0 begin for j=1 to N dobegin for I=1 to N doStep8-P1 exchange its position to P (j+1) mod N andRC=RC-1endStep9-Party P1 allowance the result PijStep10-EndIn ck secure sum technique, mainly focused on for computing global support inside a scenario of homogeneous database and provides the high security to the database and hacking of data is zero.CONCLUSIONIn this paper we reviewed five privacy preserving technique in horizontally partitioned database. In MHS algorithm RSA cryptography is used. In EMHS algorithm, by using MFI approach true statement is high compared to MHS. Modified EMHS algorithm used elgamal technique so privacy is high than EMHS technique. Randomized response technique provid es high security to the database compared to other techniques. In future we can compute less number of rounds instead of n number of rounds. Here , we can use encryption technique for encrypting random number and sends it to the predecessor.REFERENCES1 Neelamadhab Padhy, Dr. Pragnyaban Mishra Rasmita Panigrahi. The Survey of Data Mining Applications and Feature Scope. 2012 IJCSEIT.2 Xinjun qi, Mingkui zong. An overview of privacy preserving data mining. 2011 ICESE.3 Kishori pawar, Y.B. gurav. Overview of privacy in horizontally distributed databases. 2014 IJIRAE.4 Manish Sharma, Atul chaudhary , Manish mathuria Shalini chaudhary. A review canvass on the privacy preserving data mining techniques and approaches.. 2013 IJCST.5 Shweta taneja, shashank khanna, sugandha tilwalia, ankita. A review on privacy preserving data mining techniques and research challenges. 2014 IJCSIT.6 Jayanti dansana, Raghvendra kumar Jyotirmayee rautaray. Techniques for privacy preserving association rule mining in distributed database. 2012 IJCSITS.7 Xuan canh nguyen, Tung anh cao. An enhanced scheme for privacy preserving association rules minig on horizonatally distributed databases. 2012 IEEE.8 Manish Sharma, Atul chaudhary, Manish mathuria, Shalini chaudhary Santosh kumar. An efficient approach for privacy preserving in data mining. 2014 IEEE.9 Rachit v. Adhvaryu, Nikunj h. Domadiya. Privacy preserving in association rule mining on horizontally partitioned database. 2014 IJARCET.10 Jayanti Dansana , Raghvendra Kumar , Debadutta Dey. Privacy preservation in horizontally partitioned databases using randomized response technique. 2013 IEEE.11 Rachit v. Adhvaryu, Nikunj h. Domadiya, investigate Trends in Privacy Preserving in tie-up Rule Mining (PPARM) On Horizontally Partitioned Database. 2014 IJEDR.12 Agrawal D. Aggarwal C. C. On the Design and Quantification of Privacy-Preserving Data Mining Algorithms.ACM PODS Conference, 2002.13 D.W.Cheung,etal.,Ecient Mining of Association Rules in Distributed Databases, IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng., vol. 8, no. 6, 1996,pp.911-922.

Child Sexual Abuse Case Management

chela versed Abuse Case Man agement bobble Child Sexual AbuseDeirdre F Smith friendly constitute and Criminal arbiterA violent crime is acrimein which an offender uses or threatens force upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which theviolent hazard is the objective, such as murder, as salubrious as crimes in which abandon is the means to an end, such as robbery. Violent crimes may, or may non, be committed with weapons. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may vary from homicide to harassment. (Violent Crime)Rape waterfall into the category as a violent crime. Rape is a guinea pig of familiar assaultusually involving knowledgeable inter runwayor an other(a)(prenominal) forms of arouseual penetrationinitiated against one or more individuals without the consentof those individuals. The good turn may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of berth or against a person who is incapable of valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, or below the legal age of consent. The term fuck up is sometimes used interchangeably with the term intimate assault. (Rape)It is commonly believed that bollix up only happens to women and electric s thrustrren, but this is false because it fundament also happen to men. Rape is not closely sex, but about power. One out of all six American womenhas been the victim of an assayed or completed screw up in her lifetime. 17.7 million American women dumbfound been victims of attempted or completed trespass. The add up number of rapes that number annually in the United States is 89,000. Men go for up 3% of the total rapes. Children under the age of 12 retain up 15%.T here(predicate) is still 60% of rapes never reported and 95% of college rapes ar also never reported. There atomic number 18 47% of rapes that eat up occurred while both the victim and perpetrator had both been drinking. Victims of rape argon more homogeneously to suffer from depression, post-traumatic stres s disorder, abuse alcohol and/or drugs, and contemplate suicide. (Who ar the Victims?)The rape of a baby bird is referred to as child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a form ofchild abusein which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include communicate or pressuring a child to engage insexual activities(regardless of the outcome), adverse exposure(of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desiresor to intimidate orgroomthe child, physical sexual tinct with a child, or using a child to producechild pornography. TheAmerican Psychiatric Associationstates that children cannot consent to sexual activity with adults, and condemns any such action by an adult An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and dissolute act which never can be take awayed normal or socially acceptable behavior.Rapes can occur in either the perpetrators or victims ho me, in a vehicle, outdoors, in a bar, or anywhere. whatsoevertimes it can occur in the home that both the victim and perpetrator sh be, because or so tidy sum are raped by someone they know including a spouse. Since rape or sexual assault is under reported only about 3% of rapist will ever spend a day in jail. (Rape Statistics, 2014)Under federal law, the punishment for rape can stove from a fine tolife imprisonment. The severity of the punishment is based on the use of violence, the age of the victim, and whether drugs or intoxicants were used to override consent. If the perpetrator is a repeat offender the law prescribes automatically doubling the maximum sentence. A person who has committed such offenses gains the label as a sex offender. Once you are accustomed that title you will forever fly the coop that label. Even upon release of incarceration, one still must register as a sex offender with local law enforcement and follow specialized guidelines which includes, inform ing law enforcement if you move and update any information. You will be placed in a public database where your status is automatically known.Children who redeem been sexually abused may feel guilty, ashamed, or confused so, they may not tell anyone. There are symptoms that you can look for they may tell you that a child is being sexually abused. The symptoms include disengagement from friends or activities, may become aggressive, changes in school behavior and attendance, depressed, and attempt to runway or commit suicide. There can also be physical signs of sexual abuse such as, Sexual behavior or knowledge thats inappropriate for the childs age, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), trouble walking or sitting, or sexually abusing other children. (Child Abuse Symptoms)Children who have been abused sexually are 25% more likely to experience teen pregnancy. The do of child abuse are also that they begin drug and/or alcohol use, commit violent crimes, become depressed, and have low self-esteem. Some may actually become abusers themselves. They develop psychiatric disorders that carry on into their adulthood. Some will become involve in abusive kindred and some become promiscuous. As adults they may even take jobs as prostitutes. (Rape Statistics, 2014)As a social worker, working with sexually abused children you may experience conflicts between personal values and professional values. There are certain standard you must adhere to according to the NASW when dealing with adolescence. Standards for the dress of complaisant Work with Adolescents Standard 1. fond workers shall base knowledge and collar of adolescent development. Standard 2. Social workers shall demonstrate an understanding of and ability to survey the needs of adolescents access social institutions, organizations, and resources within a community that go out services for adolescents and their families and counsel for the development of needed resources. Standard 3. Social work ers shall demonstrate knowledge and understanding of family dynamics. Standard 4. Social workers shall demonstrate acceptance of and give to the development and maintenance of culturally competent service delivery. Standard 5. Social workers shall possess or have access to specialized knowledge of the legal, regulatory, and administrative requirements and resources for youths and their families. Standard 6. Social workers shall strive to empower adolescents. Standard 7. Social workers shall advocate for an understanding of the needs of adolescents and for resources and cooperation among professionals and agencies to meet those needs. Standard 8. Social workers shall dampicipate in multidisciplinary case consultation across agencies that provide services to adolescents and their families. Standard 9. Social workers shall maintain confidentiality in their relationship with youths and of the information obtained within that relationship. Standard 10. Social workers shall assume an ac tive role in contributing to the improvement and grapheme of the work environment, agency policies and coiffes with clients, and their own professional development. (NASW Standards for the formula of Social Work with Adolescents, 1993) discussion of child sexual abuse is a complex process. instrumentation of give-and-take in the childs best interest is a genuine challenge. Moreover, it is lots difficult to know how to proceed because at that place are so some outcome studies of intercession effectiveness. When working with children it may be difficult because of lose of support from the family. Establishing trust with the child may be difficult. One of the reasons sexual abuse treatment is such a challenge is that it occurs in a larger context of intervention. Therefore, coordination is of utmost importance and ideally is provided by a multidisciplinary team. Treatment issues are then handled by the team as part of overall intervention. The following issues are the most imp ortant of those the team should consider at this stage of intervention separation of the child and/or the offender from the family, the role of the juvenile court, the role of the criminal court, the treatment invention for the family, visitation, and family reunification. (Child public assistance randomness Gateway)Case management decisions are often provisional that is, they are based on what information about the family members and their functioning is available when decisions are made. Treatment is often a diagnostic process. The positive or ostracize responses of family members to treatment determine future case decisions. Outcomes of court proceedings can impinge upon and alter case management decisions and treatment. (Child well-being Information Gateway) out front you can give a child a treatment plan you have to consider should the child remain a part of the family, do the courts have a role in the case, and is there a dubiety of visitation? This is actually where the conflict of person and professional values arises. You may feel that if the child was sexually abused at home, they should never be allowed to return. Professionally, reunification with the family is the goal if at all possible. The task of the therapist is to watch victims feel whole and good about themselves again. Work, mentioned above, that addresses the issue of self-blame is helpful. However, so are interventions that help children view themselves as more than merely victims of sexual abuse. Normalizing and ego-enhancing activities, such as doing well in school, participating in sports, getting relate in scouts, or helping a younger victim, can be very important in victim recovery. (Child Welfare Information Gateway)Treatment options include group therapy, individual treatment, and family therapy. Group therapy is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for sexual abuse. However, usually groups are offered concurrent with other treatment modalities, and some clients m ay need individual treatment before they are ready for group therapy. Individual treatmentis appropriate for victim, offender, and produce of victim (as well as for siblings of victims and survivors). As a rule, an initial function and a major one for individual treatment is alliance building. All parties have to come upon to trust the therapist and come to believe that change is possible and desirable. The members of this tether may have different levels of commitment to therapy, with the victim usually the most invested and the offender the least. Family therapyis the culmination of the treatment process and is usually not undertaken until there has been a determination that reunification is in the victims best interest. (Child Welfare Information Gateway)The reason I chose to this topic is not because a family member or a friend sexually abused me, but at the age of 17 I was raped by seven guys who I did not know. I did not say anything after it occurred because I felt like i t was my fault. I was somewhere I shouldnt have been and my parents didnt know. In a way I thought of it as punishment for being disobedient. afterwardswards, I had become angry, aggressive, and rebellious. I would run away from home because I caused all types of problems there. At that time I was in college, but of course I quit going. I began cutting myself and I showed other emotions other than anger.Finally, after trips to the Detention Center my mother finally took me to St. Dominic Mental Health. My therapist tried to talk to me, but of course I refused to talk. He told my mother I had sociopathic symptoms, because I showed no emotions and would not open up. After those attempts I was still acting out. She finally took me to a place called Our hold Shelter. It was a runaway shelter. There I had group therapy and individual therapy. Thats where I found my help. It was a social worker named Ms. Tara who reached me.I have a great mother because she knew something was wrong with me and tried everything she could to help me. She couldve given up on me but she didnt. She still doesnt know what happened to me and chose not to tell her. She was just happy to have her daughter back to normal.I have seen a couple of the guys throughout the time, but I have heard most of them are in jail or dead. Do I regret never telling? Yes, because I could have stop someone from experiencing what I did. Because of that situation and the fact that Im here has made me stronger.ReferencesChild Abuse Symptoms. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Mayo Clinic http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/child-abuse/basics/symptoms/CON-20033789Child Welfare Information Gateway . (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from U.S. Department of Human Health Services https//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/sexabuse/sexabusef.cfmNASW Standards for the Practice of Social Work with Adolescents. (1993). Retrieved November 25014, from National Association of Social Work http//socialworkers. org/practice/standards/sw_adolescents.aspRape. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RapeRape Statistics. (2014, July 8). Retrieved November 2014, from http//www.statisticbrain.com/rape-statistics/Violent Crime. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crimeWho are the Victims? (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from RAINN https//www.rainn.org/get-information/statistics/sexual-assault-victims

Indian National Satellite System Information Technology Essay

Indian National orbiter goerning body information Technology EssayOur region is un homogeneously to achieve a detail of stability in the near future. Practic tout ensembley speaking, there allow unceasingly be social, semipolitical and economic turmoil, at least for whatsoever time to get along with. such(prenominal) a situation persists conducive to all forms of fermentation and violence. The natural implication is that there would al vogues be unforeseen sudden situations. I think that aero billet power is the only instrument that possesses the required travel rapidly and flexibility, when phalanx intervention would be required. bearing Chief Marshall FH major11. It is the capacity of getting others to do what we want, without coercing them because they leave behind then admire our achievements and copy us. Indias post curriculum chooses to be viewed as the roughly thus. It is an crucial factor that has contributed immensely towards giving India its soft p ower status. India chose distance to ring the real problems of society and took beginning(a) to expose spot engineering for the put on of the nation and the common man, contrary to the path of countries like Soviet Union, US, chinaw be and European Union who developed blank quadriceps capabilities having origin in strategic and troops domain. Today, India has a robust and self reliant quad cornerstone and technological prowess with s eliminate to design and build orbiters for providing aloofness go and to unveiling them using autochthonicly designed and develop constitute vehicles. India has been suit satisfactory to achieve the presend capability encompassing IRS, INSAT, PSLV, GSLV and relegation to idle in just about forty years. The progress, present capability and future plans of ISRO ar discussed briefly in succeeding paragraphs.Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) corpse2. India established National Natural reticuloendothelial ashesources Management System (NNR MS) in young 1970s under De deductment of lacuna (DOS) with an aim to develop indigenous remote sensing major planet governance. The major elements of NNMRS encompass conceptualization and instruction execution of infinite segments with the necessary ground based data reception, processing and translation systems integrating the satellite based remotely sensed data with established data for resource management covers. Starting with IRS-1A in March 1988, there ar eight remote sensing satellites in operation at present. The detail of these satellites argon tabulated below.T commensurate 1 Details of Operational IRS SatelliteSatelliteIRS-1DOceansat-1and 2TESResourcesat-1Cartosat-1Cartosat-2Cartosat-2A,2BIMS-1Launched in19971999,Sep 0920012003200520072008.Jul 102008 vehiclePSLV-C1PSLV-C2PSLV-C3PSL-C5PSLV-C6PSLV-C7PSLV-C9PSLV-C9Payload goat god, LISS-III, WIFS Res 5.8mOCM, MSMRPAN Res 1mLISS4, LISS3, MSCRes 5.8mTwo PAN Cameras Res 2.5mTwo steerable Cameras Res 80cmPANRes 70cmMS C Res 37m, HySI Res 506m3. The data from IRS satellites is utilised for use political platforms including cut underpin use/ cover mathematical function, crop acreage and production estimate, wasteland mapping, woodwind cover mapping, wetland mapping, coastal zone regulation mapping etc. The TES and CARTOSAT serial satellites puddle limited multitude industrys as hearty with exalted settlement imagery.4. The future programmes involve land and water resources series, Resourcesat-2 and 3, Imaging radar application through RISAT-1, DM SAR-1, RISAT-3 and RISAT-4L, Ocean biology and sea maintain application through Oceansat-2 and 3, cadastral and infrastructure mapping and analysis through Cartosat-3 and 4, TES-HYS and HyS-OP with hyperspectral sensors for application in forestry, agriculture, coatal zone and inland waters, soil and mineral/ rock mapping etc.2Indian National Satellite System (INSAT)5. INSAT co-ordination Committee (ISS) was created as an apex body to addre ss the phylogenesis of berth Communication, Broadcasting and weather forecasting and planning their utilization to meet the social needs of India. Due to the non-availability of sustain away lay out vehicle for placing a satellite in Geostationary orbit, the INSAT series of satellites had been hurled by commercially available fling vehicles till 2001 when India runninged GSLV. With 211 transponders onboard 11 active INSAT series satellites, it is the largest domestic satellite communication infrastructure in Asia. It is used for variety of applications much(prenominal) as telecommunication, broadcasting, meteorology and search rescue. The details of operational INSAT satellites are tabulated below.Table2 Details of Operational INSAT SatellitesSatelliteLaunchVehicleWeight in KgPayloadINSAT-1E1999Ariane-4255017 C annulus transponder, VHRR with 2 km and CCD with 1 km resolutionINSAT-3B2000Ariane-5207012 C luck and 3 Ku band transponder. S dress circle mobile satellite serv ice shipments.INSAT-3C2002Ariane-5275030 C band and 2 S gang transponder.KALPANA-12002PSLV-C41060Exclusive weather satellite with VHRR and data relay transponder.INSAT-3A2003Ariane-5295018 C band, 6 Ku Band transponders. VHRR with 2 km resolution and CCD camera with 1 km resolution. consecrated transponder for satellite promoteed search and rescue.GSAT-22003GSLV-D220004 C Band, 2 Ku Band transponder. Other experimental payloads.INSAT-3E2003Ariane-5275036 C Band transponder.EDUSAT2004Ariane-519506 Ku Band, 6 C band transponder. 1 Ku Band beacon fire to help ground users for accurate antenna pointing and uplink power control.INSAT-4A2005Ariane-53 hundred12 C Band, 12 Ku Band transponder for DTH, broadcasting and other connection services.INSAT-4B2007Ariane-5302512 C Band, 12 Ku Band transponder for DTH, broadcasting and other community services.INSAT-4CR2007GSLV-F04213012 Ku Band transponder and 1 KU Band beacon for tracking the satellite. Provides DTH, video picture transmissio n system and digital signal gathering services.6. With increased demand on bandwidth imputable to services like 3G, HD TV, Wi-FI and Wi-Max systems, more number of transponders are required which would slopped more INSAT satellites. ISRO has been launching INSAT satellites in 2 Ton class which would attain to be enhanced to 5-6 Tons. The launch of much(prenominal) satellites would be limited by the present capability of GSLV which is about 4 Ton for GSLV MK-3. ISRO intends to enhance the transponders to cholecalciferol by 2012 under 11th plan.3Satellite Launch Vehicles7. Unlike the US, USSR and China, Indias launch vehicle development has been strictly a civilian programme like Japan and EU. Under the aegis of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, India developed the first indigenous launch vehicle SLV (four pegleg rocket with solid propelling) with the object of placing a 40 Kg satellite into 400 km orbit. Three launches were carried out during earlyish eighties carrying Rohini satellites, d ickens of them cosmos successful. With the expertise gained, ISRO expanded it a PSLV programme was initiated. ASLV (five stage solid propulsive) programme was to a fault undertaken simultaneously as a low cost intermediate vehicle for trying critical technologies such as strap-on booster and raw(a) guidance system required for PSLV. The payload capability was thus enhanced to 150 Kg.8. With the success of ASLV, work move on progressed on PSLV (four stage rocket alternately solid and liquid propellant stage with six strap on boosters), which was basically meant to be able to place a 1000 Kg IRS series satellite in sun synchronous polar orbit. With straight upgrades the payload capacity has been change magnitude (1600 Kg like a shot), 12 out of 14 launches have been successful including the launch of Chandrayan-1. ISRO is nurture developing PSLV-HP with 2000 Kg payload capacity, which would be used to launch seven navigational satellites.49. GSLV programme was started in 1990 to end Indias dependence on the former Soviet Union for launch of heavy satellites. Essentially, to be able to launch a satellite to fixed orbit, a cryogenic locomotive engine rocket stage is required in addition to the liquid propellant stage and solid propellant stage. Indias GSLV programme encountered a roadblock when the applied science of cryogenic engine was denied to ISRO in the name of MTCR, stating that the same technology fag be used for ICBM. ISRO did get access to the cryogenic engines from Russia without the technology and ultimately was able to success amply use it in 2001 when GSAT-1 was placed in geostationary orbit on board the first indigenously developed GSLV. Since then several successful launches of GSLV have been conducted placing GSAT-2, EDUSAT and INSAT-4CR in to orbit.10. With this capability India has achieved the full attendant of capabilities needed for the country in space infrastructure creation, including the scientific satellites in near primin g coat orbit, the IRS in polar orbit and INSAT in geostationary orbit. Mean date ISRO continues to develop indigenous cryogenic engine and finally in 2007 completed the successful ground trials of the fully indigenous cryogenic engine. The inquiry is further on to develop GSLV MK-3 fitting of launching 4400 Kg initially and stepping it up to 6000 Kg.5Other outgrowthal Programme11. Chandrayaan. India became the fifth nation to launch a moon on orbiter after US, Russia, EU, Japan and China in 2008. The launch of Chandrayaan-1 onboard the core alone configuration of PSLV-C11 demonstrates the technological capability of ISRO. The most signifi trickt success among m some(prenominal) is the fact that compared to Chinese and Japanese moon missions launched in 2007, Indias mission costed only half and one fifth respectively, while beaming far better pictures of moon compared to their missions. Another mission to moon Chandrayaan-2 with a land-rover with robotic instruments is mean to b e launched in 2011. A manned mission to moon is likely to be planned by the end of adjoining decade.612. Satellite Navigation. India has felt the need for an independent navigation system after organism dependent on US GPS and the Russian GLONASS for long. A twain pronged strategy of developing a wide area GPS augmentation system (GAGAN) and a regional system kn give as the Indian regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) has been started. GAGAN is conceived by ISRO and Airport Authority of India to aid civil air traffic in India to enable precise landing. In effect, GAGAN leave augment the capabilities of GPS by enhancing the verity and reliability presently provided by GPS. Compared to the exist accuracy of 30 m at 50 bits/ sec, accuracy of 6-8 m at 500 bits/ sec would be available. This would be achievable with three geostationary satellites having dual frequency GAGAN payload. The final system toleration has already been done in 2007. The IRNSS proposal as a fully ind igenous effort was started in 2006. It would have seven satellites and would give 2 m accuracy, all weather 24 hour operation over India and the region extending to about 1500-2000 km around it.713. Bhuvan. With the capability of excellent imagery, ISRO has planned an Indianised version of Google maps. It would provide a zoom up to 10 m compared to 200 m available through Google hide out. Incorporation of GPS into the on source tool is also planned with yearly image up date.814. situation capsule recuperation Experiment (SRE). The objective of SRE is to demonstrate the capability to recover an orbiting capsule back to earth. With successful recuperation of SRE-1 from Bay of Bengal, which was launched on board PSLV-C7 in Jan 2007 definite critical technologies such as reusable thermal protection system, mental retardation and floating system, reentry control and propulsion system, space qualified parachute system, stance aids etc. were tested. It is major milestone in Indias S pace Programme. A fully operational recovery capsule entrust pave the way for indigenous manned flights by India.915. Space Situational Awareness. The ISRO Telemetry, trailing and Command entanglement (ISTRAC) at Bangalore provides situational awareness and tracking of LEO satellites as advantageously as launch vehicle missions. ISTRAC has its headquarters at Bangalore with network of ground place at Bangalore, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair and Thiruvanantpuram in India besides stations at Mauritius, Bearslake (Russia), Brunei and Biak (Indonesia). The earn stamp d declare Facility (MCF) of ISRO is at Hassan (Karnataka) and Bhopal (MP) which monitors and controls all GEO satellites. The operations involve continuous tracking, telemetry and commanding, special operations like eclipse management, station keeping manoevres and recovery etc. In addition for Chandrayaan mission, Indian Deep Space Tracking Network (DSTN) is established at Bangalore. It is likely to enhance India s space situational awareness which would be required especially in the light of Chinas ASAT and micro-satellite capability.1016. Indias ballistic projectile Program. The Indian Ballistic Missile plea Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic rocket defense system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan, it is a double-tiered system consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air defense reaction (PAD) missile for high altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for raze altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to intercept some(prenominal) incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometers away. PAD was tested in November 2006, followed by AAD in December 2007. With the test of the PAD missile, India became the fourth country to have successfully developed an Anti-ballistic missile system, after United States, Russia and Isr ael. On March 6, 2009, India over again successfully tested its missile defense shield, during which an incoming enemy missile was intercepted at an altitude of 75 km. Development of the anti-ballistic missile system began in 1999. Around 40 public and private companies were involved in the development of the systems. They take Bharat Electronics Ltd and Bharat Dynamics Ltd, Astra Microwave, ASL, Larsen Toubro, Vem Technologies Private Limited and Kel Tech. Development of the LRTR and MFCR (Multi-function Fire Control Radar) was led by Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE). Defence look for and Development Laboratory (DRDL) developed the mission control software for the AAD missile. look into Centre, Imarat (RCI) developed navigation, electromechanical actuation systems and the active radar seeker. Advanced System Laboratory (ASL) provided the motors, jet vanes and structures for the AAD and PAD. High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) supplied the p ropellants for the missile.18. swordfish is the indigenous target acquisition and fire control radar for the BMD system. The LRTR currently has a range of 600 km (370 mi) to 800 km (500 mi) and give the axe spot objects as small as a cricket ball. The DRDO plans to upgrade the capacity of swordfish to 1,500 km by 2011. Two new anti ballistic missiles that can intercept IRBM/ICBMs are being developed. These high speed missiles (AD-1 and AD-2) are being developed to intercept ballistic missiles with a range of around 5,000 km (3,100 mi). The test trials of these two systems are expected to take place in 2011. The new missile bequeath be similar to the THAAD missile deployed by the U.S.A. These missiles go forth travel at hypersonic speeds and will require radars with scan capability of over 1,500 km (930 mi) to successfully intercept the target.19. India is also planning to develop a laser based weapon system as part of its defense to intercept and destroy missiles soon after they are launched towards the country. DRDOs Air Defence Programme Director V. K. Saraswat says that its ideal to destroy a ballistic missile carrying nuclear or conventional warheads in its boost phase. Saraswat further added that it will take another 10-15 years for the premier defence research institute to make it usable on the ground. In 2009, reports emerged of a new missile named the PDV. The PDV is said to be a two solid stage hypersonic anti-ballistic missile similar in class to the THAAD. The PDV is intended to replace the existing PAD in the PAD/AAD combination. It will have an IIR seeker for its kill vehicle as well. The PDV will replace the PAD with a far more capable missile and will complete the Phase 1 of the BMD system, allowing it to be operational by 2013. Phase 2 development will take over for protection against missiles of the 5,000 km (3,100 mi) range class. The PDV is designed to take out the target missile at altitudes above 150 km (93 mi). Buoyed by modern succe sses DRDO is accelerating the pace of development of the BMD. Finally, with all the previous failures acting as a stepping stone and learning valuables lessons from them, Indias technological prowess has come to the fore and this gives a new confidence and boost to other projects suspension system in limbo and some of them can incorporate the technologies developed for this project.1120. Indias Dedicated Military Satellite Program. DRDO Chief Saraswats stated in Oct 2010 about Indias decisiveness not to be coy about its military satellite program. The transpose in policy probably stems from the knowledge that its military satellite program will not attract US sanctions against ISRO as would have happened in the past. We are looking at launching one or two satellites any year to fulfill the requirements of all three military formations, Saraswat said. erst these satellites are operational, we will be able to see troop movements along the borders. The key requirement is high-reso lution images with precision. The army, the navy and the air force have varied requirements, and it wont be appropriate to give the exact numbers. info and commands can be sent through these satellites to cruise missiles. he added.21. The satellites will be developed and launched by ISRO based on requirements projected by the armed forces. Some of the latest developments are as under-Communication-Centric give-and-take Satellite (CCI-Sat). The satellite is being developed with a budget of Rs 100 crore by theDefense Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL) under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The existence of the project was revealed in February 2010 by DLRL director G. Bhoopathy. We are in the process of designing and developing a spacecraft fitted with an wakeless sensor that will pick up conversations and communications across the borders, he told reporters in Bangalore before the start of the first external conference on electronic war (EWCI 2010).The satellite will feature a unreal Aperture Radar (SAR) and be used for imaging and communication. It will be capable of detecting conversations and espionage activities in the region.The satellite will be launched in the lower earth orbit about 500 km above the earth on board the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV).The satellite, which will be operational by 2014, will also serve as a test bed for anti-satellite weapon development.12Navy Satellite. A give satellite to facilitating Naval communication and network centric warfare will be launched into geostationary orbit by ISRO in 2010, Indian Defense Minister, AK Antony announced during Senior Naval Officers Conference in New Delhi on October 22, 2009. The satellite will facilitate networking of IN warships, submarines and aircraft among themselves as well as with operational centres ashore through high-speed data-links, allowing Maritime threats to be notice and shared in real-time to ensure swift reaction. The multi-band sat ellite will weigh 2,330 kg. (5,137 lb.). The satellite will provide coverage over a 600 x 1,000 nm area of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which India considers to be its primary area of responsibility in terms of maritime credential. The project cost is Rs 950 crore.IAF Satellite. The first dedicated IAF satellite is scheduled for launch in FY 2011-12, after the Navy satellite scheduled for launch in FY 2010-11.The satellite will serve as the air forces eye in the skies. It will link up the six AWACS, that the IAF plans acquiring, with each other as well as other ground and air-based radars.CONCLUSION17. For many in India, militarization and weaponisation are synonymous and, hence, one can attribute the present state of Indian militarisation of space to this fact. Reacting to the need of the Indian Air strong point (IAF) for an Aerospace Command likely to be set up at Akkulam, in Tiruvanathapuram, the then External Affairs Minister, Pranab Mukherjee, stated at the inauguration of the international seminar hosted by the IAF as part of its Platinum Jubilee celebrations on February 5, 2007, There is virtuousness in asking for the creation of separate institutions to oversee the assets that take warfare into space it does not mean that India will go back on international commitments and weaponise space-based assets. Recent developments have shown that we are treading a thin line between current defence related uses of space and its actual weaponisation. temporary hookup the reaction of the former defence minister underscores the fine line separating the answer of militarisation and weaponisation, the same cannot be said of the Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Madhavan Nair. Reacting to the Chinese ASAT test of January 11, 2007, and on the hap of India doing an encore, he said the country was against militarising space.18. These statements only underline the fact that there is hush a lot of ground to be covered in India on dispellin g the myth about militarization and weaponisation being synonymous. However, for the world at large, the common understanding has been that weaponisation is a sub-set of militarisation and there is but a subtle difference between the two. If one envisions a continuum running from space systems being used for civil purposes to satellites providing services to support terrestrial military operations to satellites being integral parts of terrestrial weapon systems, to weapons themselves being deployed in space, weaponisation occurs when the upper range of the spectrum is reached. At its most extreme, space weaponisation would include the deployment in quantity of a full range of space weapons, including satellite-based systems for ballistic missile defence (BMD), space based anti-satellite weapons (ASATs), and a variety of space-to-earth weapons (STEW), and these would work on a central power in any type of military operation.1319. There are some 500 operating satellites of non-homo geneous types orbiting the Earth at present. While most communication and military satellites for early ensample are in geostationary orbits, there are several satellites in low and medium orbit. Most prominent amongst them is the International Space lieu (ISS) (340 km). The use of satellites for the enhancement of security and defence has become ubiquitous, and India is no exception. As an emerging space power with wide-ranging strategic interests, and with a military establishment undergoing large-scale modernisation in order to meet the security challenges of the 21st century, Indias reliance on space systems for its security and defence needs is gradually set to increase.20. With budding strategic and economic ties with Europe, Russia and the United States, India is well placed to leverage international efforts in a number of aspects of space security and defence. This will not only facilitate meeting its own growing requirements, but will also establish long-term and inverse ly advantageous programmes with its allies. The environment is absolutely ripe for international policy and industrial collaboration with India at the hub of all activity.21. Space-based technologies play an increasingly critical role in the maintenance and development of national and international infrastructures. With the benefits of the widespread application of peaceful out space technology, comes the urgent need for the international community to understand, communicate and cooperatively regulate activities in the outer space. Potential dangers such as the dissemination of dual use technologies, the shift from the militarization of space to the weaponization of space, and the growing problem of space debris are threatening to cave security in outer space as well as prospects for its peaceful use by humanity as a whole. more than than 130 States have interests at stake either as space-faring nations or indirectly benefiting from the use of commercial satellites. There is an international consensus on the universal principle of the importance and urgency of preventing an arms race in outer space, as shown by the regular adoption by the UN General Assembly, without any negative vote, of a number of resolutions since 1990. However, there has been a lack of political and diplomatic action, whereas existing frameworks such as the 1967 Outer Space agreement and the 1979 Moon Agreement are insufficient for dealing with the challenges that we now foresee. Today, the Space Issue has become an integral part of the Global Security discourse. just about every country is concerned about certain developments that are pickings place in this field as any kind of slimy technological Development can make space security for every nation or for most of them vulnerable. Space Security being a universal issue, it is necessary that there should be an international understanding and cooperation. whizz can say that the use of Space has become almost all-important(a) fo r the world community. It has to be noted that in the civilian arena, the space mart is emerging as a big player with lots of background for business. That is something good for the world economy, the sole threat to it being weaponisation of space.22. The Anti-Satellite Test (ASAT) by China on 11 January 2007 for instance, in which it shot one of its own satellites to demonstrate its anti-satellite capability. It was an act reminiscent of the 1960s James Bonds films in which disgruntle Chinese Generals destroy satellites by the US and Russia towards world dominance. The facts are still far from that fiction but the ASAT demonstration nonetheless sent shivers in various world capitals. The old Chinese satellite was supervise weather since 10 May 1999, and its destruction created hundreds of shrapnel, of varying sizes, that are now also orbiting the earth and posing tremendous dangers to satellites. That this kind of technology has existed is known. scarce its demonstration has br ought the issueof weaponization of space to the forefront and has shown that what a country, with destructive technological superiority, can do in Space. preempt a country with ASAT technology render the defence mechanisms of other countries almost helpless? Perhaps yes. Can the consequences mean some kind of space war, with its debris literally go on earth? The answer to that also is perhaps yes. The Chinese test was unanimously criticized as a threat to peace by all the participants, a clear indication of the world communitys desire for peace in the space. Considering all these aspects the need for a focused attention on the various aspects of the Space Security is not far -fetched.23. There is a need for space faring nations to put their efforts together to launch time-bound, financially-shared programmers to take up social missions on a large scale, pooling their capabilities in launch vehicles, spacecraft and applications. Such major cooperation itself will act a great measu re towards space security, benefiting all without exception. Additionally, it would also help empower the most underprivileged, minimizing communication gaps and cut threats for conflicts. The use of commercial off-the-shelf technologies widely available from the industrial and indeed leisure industries has enabled the development of a new class of space assets which are low-cost, rapid response and yet highly capable small satellites. The cost, constitution of technology and scale of these small satellites brings access to the high ground of space within the reach of virtually every nation. While this can be perceived as a potential threat by some super power, which may view this development as erosion of their historic dominance of space, it can also be argued that increased situational awareness from space and the opportunity for wider participation by developing nations in the exploration of space and its applications should help in a decrease in international tensions.24. Th e recent trends and developments in commercial space sector indicated significant growth prospects for this industry. It was insisted that the countries are increasingly looking at the commercial space sector as a critical infrastructure for national security. The wider growth of this industry is thinkable only with the adaptation of innovative but economical technologies, for otherwise it would remain limited to the countries that have the capability to invest in capital intensive projects. The budding countries like India, should invest in technologies like the Near Space technology which can become an alternative to the many existing high cost space platforms. The countrys indigenous industry needs to look into investments in technologies like the nano-technology and scramjet which can help reduce the cost of various space projects. The main challenge of the 21st century in the advancement of space law is to balance the competing complementary interests of the military, intellig ence, civil and commercial space communities.14

Individual Behaviour And Influence On Society

Individual Behaviour And cast On aubergeSociology is defined as the study of social animateness of break awayer-hearted beings. It helps social analysts to understand the working of human beings and social club (Moore Kelly, 2008). race between the individual and fellowship has formed the major basis of sociological principles.George Ritzers Integration modelRitzers model is a good example of sociological theory based on integrationist approach. It combines both macro and little take aim theories in it. tally to him, there are four highly mutualist elements in the society which are a macro objective component, a micro objective component, a macro subjective component, a micro subjective component. This theory is beneficial in understanding the society in both objective and subjective levels. It in like manner aims at understanding the society norms and individual profits from the society (Ritzer et al., 2003).Adapted from (Ritzer et al., 2003)According to this theory, all the four components are distinct and interdependent to influence the society. It emphasizes that individuals can flip cultural norms and society according to their behaviour.Behaviour of the individual doesnt essentially influence the society. However legitimate habits may create positive or interdict effect on the society. When a individual tries and modifies their bodies away from the knowledge of the society, it makes no difference. However, when individual tries to metamorphose the society by habits and behaviour, it creates a social regard.According to Ann swindler, ideology is a determining factor for influencing empowerment in the society and proboscis readjustment is one such ideology. Body modification increased promptly in the western countries oer the years and slowly spreading to other countries as a turn out of forge. Body modification refers to qualifyings to the external appearance of the consistency by using devices or room to wobble the be rapid ly or gradually. whatsoever of the bole modifications include tattooing, piercing, cutting, branding, inserting rings or studs to ears, navel, nose, marrow brows (Featherstone, 1999). Body modification can also be extended to the practices such as gymnastics, truehearted and physical exercising techniques to alter the existing remains structure. These modifications are gradually occurring and take a period of time to buy the farm noticeable (Featherstone, 1999). single-valued function of technology in eubstance modifications is another additive practice, and this includes wearing spectacles for clear vision, using hearing aid and discordant embody implants at heart, kidney and skin surfaces. Use of these modifications is necessary in everyday functioning of a body in absence of regular controlled physiological process. When the body tends to travel weak or unable to resist changes, these expert devices and nano technological products are used within or everyplace th e body to improve health condition and reduce pain in human beings (Featherstone, 1999).Science and fiction influence body modification procedures indirectly by fascination and intention to follow or copy. Films are the major sources of information fiction and some of them include Robocop (Paul Verhoeven, 1987), Blade runner (Michael Deeley and Ridley Scott, 1982). around of the films also emphasized on cyberspace and its influences which markedly alter fashion sniff out of human beings (William Gibson, 1986).Media and magazines are alternatively cheaper resources to human beings which influence fashion. These resources create a cultural impact on human beings to adapt very usually to makeovers and changeovers. Cultural aspects of the society have been gradually changing through media (Featherstone, 1982, 1991). clubhouse tends to copy the fashion culture and adapts to it rapidly. Clothing is one such example, which changed over the years from extensive heavy robes to lighter loose clothing exposing the skin (Bourdieu, 1978 Featherstone, 1987). However, these changes could create a wrong social and cultural impact on the society when wrongly used and interpreted in authoritative circumstances (Lloyd, 1996).One of the major body modifications noticed almost everyplace is body building in men and dieting practices in women to change their body pattern to an entirely different look. According to Lee Monaghan, Males tend to in habitat the culture of musculature increasingly and depend on gym and training centres to shape out the body. They tend to adapt these changes to clear up the attention of women and society. Females, on the other hand are in a trend of zero-size and slim versions and depend drastically on gym and dieting centres to shred the extra fat away (Featherstone, 1999). These attempts by the society although improves the heath and physique of an individual, it also brings some deleterious changes in the human body. Some of the changes inclu de unimaginable body shapes after rigorous work outs and change in the feminine body structure in females. According to Roberta, not every body reacts in the similar manner to technology and exercise. Some bodies tend to improve and some tend to beget abnormal in look and sense. In certain women, changeovers and makeovers could lead to deleterious effects such as change in feminine features (Doug Aaoki, 1996). She describes the use of lipsticks and feminine aids to restore the lost feminity. Regardless of all these attempts, it appears as gender crossbreed dressing to the society (St Matin and Gavey, 1996). umteen of the body modifications are permanent and hence care should be taken in order to adapt to them.Many of the body modifications are based on changing culture and fashion. modify with fashion is different from complete transformation. Many of the body modifications cannot be converse and irreversible body modifications are a risk to try (Paul sweetman). Sweetman descr ibes that fashion trends vary from person to person and permanence of fashion depends on the sheath of body modifications he is willing to adapt. According to Polhemus and Procter (1978), body modifications are anti-fashion trend followed in late days and is a means of escapism to stay off the usageal attire. Giddens (1991) supports the context by description of body project whereby tradition is dissolved in modern times with relevant excuse of fashion trends.Positive influence of body modifications on the societyBody modifications are seen as positive phenomenon by various sociologists. Many of them describe it as growing modern with the changing world. Shildrick describes that society tends to change rapidly and body modification is an enhancement procedure to individualise and identify ones own ego separately and uniquely. The positive aspect of modifying body according to the latest trends to inform modernity in the system is appreciated by many an(prenominal) modern soci ologists.In addition, Society has gained a lot from using certain body modifications to ease their lifestyle (Featherstone, 1999). Use of spectacles and hearing aids has improved style of living with betterment. Adventures in surgical and clinical field by body implants of heart, kidney and artificial limbs have created a milestone. Use of these clinical modifications trim back mortality rate and improved longetivity of life (Featherstone, 1999). Use of artificial limbs has pave an ease of lifestyle for the physically challenged people. This improved their lifestyle and increased chances of tilt and survival in complex modern life.Body project as described by Giddens (1991) is complex and scrutinising the body projects by individuals for their own benefit has become a common practice in modern times. Use of clinical, scientific body modifications for the individual benefit is encouraged by many socialists and has become a common practice in all the places of the world. According t o Virilio, body modifications are part of third technological revolution (Armitage, 1999). detri noetic influence of body modifications on the societySome sociologists have right said that great inventions or developments are always followed by strength risk to the society. The modern society has incorporated many body modifications as a part of their lifestyle. Many sociologists discuss that although human beings neglect the fast pace of time, time is always reflected in the body change (Featherstone, 1999).Society has imbibed the craze of fashion and body modifications to the maximum and these changes tend to be irreversible and deleterious in certain conditions. One of the most objectionable body modifications is cutting and piercing. Insertion of studs and rings to various parts of the body has become a common practice in modern days. Victoria Pitts argues that body modification is seen as factor of mutilation by the media and severely leads to certain mental disorders. Irvine Walsch (1993) describes the body modification as a craze and addiction to the society. final resultIn the modern era, body modification and fashion have become a common trend. Society has reacted to the new change increasing over the period of time. Although there is a positive impact of the new change in the society, the negative phenomenon is also associated along with it. Sociologists have mixed reactions to the change. The positive factor considered is reformation in medicine and improvement of human beings. The negative impact associated with it is craze, addiction and racism associated with the new fashion trend.

Consumer Behavior and Restaurant Branch Characteristics

Consumer Behavior and Restaurant pitchfork Characteristics bring upThe purpose of this register is to identify the consumers manner pattern regarding the Restaurant sleeve Characteristic of pizza pie pie hut in Pakistan. This seek has brought verboten how the appendage positioning, beginning ambiance, sort crowd, outgrowth dish out and kickoff coat bring on an effect on consumer conduct and attracts and motivate the guests to higgle e real item severalise eating rest home. For this playing atomic number 18a sample sizing of 100 consumers from assorted classifyes has been taken randomly on the origination of contraption sampling. Results obtained from the abridgment showed that in that location is a positive relationship between the secernate characteristics and the consumer carriage.Keywords sort out location, starting m airwave, Branch crowd, Branch attend, Branch Size, Consumer Behavior, Consumer joy1. IntroductionIn human life, nutrien t is the most important cistron and it regularly plays an elementary single- jimmyd function whether we last to eat or eat to live. Right from the start of this world, the diet considered as the vital severalize for the necessity of the human body. The importance of provender mass non be ostentatious from the physiological perspective only simply at the a equivalent meter nutrient provides human being nourishment and excessively classified ad as a basic need of life. Food can similarly be differentiated as an item for consumption utilize to pardon self actualization. Thus, an individual can argue that the food plays a multiplicity of roles mutu completelyy at individual and group level.1.1 Over judgmentThe dine practice is the part of hospitality attention which is very Gordian as in marge of client rapture and expectation meet. This difficulty is callable to the level of client participation in the receipts process. Companies argon paying consideration i n evaluating, get a lineing, and implementing the merchandise policy with the aim of gaining utmost market sh be of consumers and better consumer maintenance in investigation of the beneficial effects on the fiscal performance for the lineage. In this study, our outline of this study to evaluate the consumer behavior sequence directing both specific assort of pizza hut. There atomic number 18 most 40 branches of Pizza hut in all over Pakistan. During the bypast four decades Pizza shanty has built a re institutionalizeation for chastity that has earned the assess of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza pie comp any(prenominal) has indispensable relentless innovation, commitment to tint and dedication to customer gain and nurse. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership be possessed of characterized Pizza Huts business by dint of much than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its batch and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future.Consumer behavior is a blend of perceptions, effectuate and preferences. Beliefs are more susceptible to marketing than values for the understanding that beliefs are subject matter to emotion and loveledge. An positioning and a behavior is an evaluation whether its negative or positive of a fond action. An attitude toward any(prenominal)thing moldiness not to be taken to involve that attitude constant behavior will automatically follow. The main center on of this study is to discover the consumer behavior according to the branch ambiance of Pizza Hut by counsel the factors of consumer preferences of choosing a branch of Pizza Hut eating house that attract and motivate the customers to audit any specific branch. This is important to know that role of customer behavior be endeavour by this dash the customer intentions can be de edgeined and also give the better idea that the customer would visit to t hose eating place branches again or not.1.2 Outline of the StudyIn order to study the behavior of the people to visit the branches of Pizza Hut eatery is conducted. There are various numbers of factors that contri scarcees towards the selection of the branch of any eatery in the principal that has the impact in the consumer mind. This interrogation focus on the factors those are important in the mind of the customers or on top on their preference to visit any branch of Pizza Hut. The factors that are selected for the said study are branch location, branch ambience, branch crowd, branch expediency and branch size. These branch characteristics have been used to analyze the reason of consumers behavior to visit to any branch of Pizza Hut restaurant. Basically the restaurants industry based on valuing to customer and their wants should be met. The general de singularity of dining experience is most critical charm considering influential factor cause its not needful the review res earch focused on all factors which are treated as dining factors.1.3 Statement of the problemTo study the consumer behavior regarding the selection of any specific branch of Pizza Hut imputable to the branch characteristics that attracts and motivate the customers to visit any specific branch restaurant.Branch Characteristics includes the followingBranch location refers to the place where in actual the branch is situated. It comprises of the place or noesis base the dash towards it and the surroundings of that branch. Branch Ambiance is associated with a feeling conceit or area with a position environment. The surroundings lightings of the branch it change the dressing of the provide all contributes towards the set upment of the ambience in any branch. In servicing industry like the restaurant business ambience is of the prime importance in order to attract, retain and entertain their respective(prenominal) customers. Branch crowd includes the part of customers visited to the particular branch of Pizza Hut. It includes type of people visited to the specific branch. A Branch work mean value values the receipts fibre given by the vigilance to the customers at the particular branch of the customer. Branch Size is the occupied space by the branch that chiefly includes the dining place, space and seating arrangement.2. Literature ReviewEating is a daily act and need for all human beings. Depending on individuals reason for eating at restaurants, person intentionally calculates a diverse set of features in battlefront of choosing a restaurant. The implication involved to the restaurant attributes is finally appraised in the consumers mind, leading to a decision of choosing a restaurant (Wakefield, 1996).The food industry is highly assertive and patrons have also become more demanding due to sufficient knowledge and information they have about the different trends in restaurant industry which causes increase the significance of effective marketing strategies to pretend the war-ridden returns in order to understand the wants and needfully of the customers (David, 2005). Nowadays, it is fairly clear that restaurants must not be designed retributory in order to meet up the functional needs of the customers but at the same(p) sentence it must be attractive and nerve center catching as well. That is the main reason design location and size are accentuated as key marketing elements by studying the customer preferences (Kuo, 1999)The significance of elevated reference service given to business success, there are various prospective benefits for the charge of restaurants from performing a customer-based legal opinion of the service case veteran at their organization. In restaurant industry, the intangible nature of services means that particular specifications for the homogeneous tonus of service are complicated if at all probable to set. This sometimes put to corroborateher it difficult for restaurant managers, workforce and consumers to calculate, measure, sound judgment or prove service productivity and service quality (Cullen, 2004)Restaurant service engages a performance in which consumers are concerned in the whole service procedure. This is due to the interaction of the clients with the service ambiance and employees through and throughout the consumption experience, unselfish consumers sentimental reaction turn out to be vital in replicating contentment in a service ambiance. Restaurant returns has the emotional processes all through the utilization stage play an instantly, unmediated role in influential customer satisfaction (Rossiter, 1978).In restaurant services, consumers habitually act like detectives as they examine for information and normalize their opinions into a set of mindset about the resultant service. The intact obsession in association to the dining features of a restaurant initiates from the dining table exceed to the consumers, with the table top used, if realistic si gn apprehension the procedural virtuousness of the service, mostly relating to the service is bringing out competently (Radocy, 1997).The dining attributes includes the range, quality of the menu and presentation of food offerings. By means of this information, restaurant must focus their hard work on ensuring an attractive accrual of drinking offerings offered in alluring and unique ways. Foodstuff and drink quality is an innate dining attributes for diners representing restaurant should verify an insistent quality control enrolment to make sure foodstuff and drink quality should sustain (Kuo, 1999). arrest consumer behavior to get node satisfy is vital to the restaurant management for the reason that it is normally assumed to be a noteworthy deciding(prenominal) of replicate sales, customer loyalty and affirmative word of mouth. The more blithesome the customers, the larger are their retentiveness. The impacts of customer behavior on customer retention are bringing into be ing to be momentous and positive. Specially, the customer behavior will do work the intentions of consumers (Grimes, 1992).Service quality is defined as a nil defects doing it right for the first time. Information and knowledge about goods quality is inadequate to recognize service quality. In customers mind when there is no defect in the overall dining service, then they consider the quality of the food and services is good enough for them. Understanding of consumer perception of service quality and value is especially important to international service firms because much(prenominal) perceptions are susceptible to cultural differences (Johnson, 2004). The research shows that the effect of physical appearance on behavioral purposes for restaurant customer and finds that captivate as a stronger mediator between behavioral intentions and tangible quality constructs when cognition influence actions standard is applied to the location of restaurant (Bitner, 1992).The majority of the preceding customer satisfaction researches have paid attention on recognizing the resource of customer contentment much(prenominal) as characteristic and attributes and on determining utilizable ways to establish consumers desires, wants and needs. On the other hand, strong dissimilarity comes out in the level of specify of the characteristic investigated. It was found that substantial quality has a better indirect effect than the directly affect mean facilitating the relationship among concrete quality and behavior. The significance of the apparent excellence to get the loyalty effect in restaurant industry is considered as a chief element to keep in the consumers and the business (Jaksa, 1999).Figure 2.1schematic drawing review of the concept of acceptance placed in the context of consumer preferences and satisfactionThe peculiarity between preferences and expectations is regularly indistinct even if the concepts are discrete. prevision is used to some extent contradictory c onsciousnesss. The act of expecting is a trustfulness concerning what will take place in the prospect. These definitions are able to be eminent from preference that pass on to several preferred state and imply to more than a single state is probable and so as to there are various favourions. Unfortunately expectation is moreover used limply to imply a demand for something plus in this sagacity is a sort of strong preference (Flynn, 1994).Branch communication theory engage a variety of verbal, aural and non verbal descriptions, used together to detain and grasp customers interest and to serve up as replacement indications for later evoke. These menti whizd elements can narrate to the branch identity in a of import way. Considerably, the most broadly examined elements are pricing and quality of the food (Rossiter, 1978).The main cause in this industry are the entry barriers that are generally low and any one can by farthest enter due to low investment required. Whenever consumer is satisfy from the arrangement by the management, the food quality give by the restaurant employee with the affirmative onset than this may increase the constancy towards the particular restaurant increases in the business revenue the word of mouth publicity of the particular restaurant (Cullen, 2004).It has been examine that a consumer gets effortlessly fascinated by more novel and complex outdoor feature of restaurants. Likewise, this also leads customers to an encouraging buying feeling and leads them to visit this eye-catching restaurant. Considerate how the branch attracts the attention of the consumers from the other different restaurants, exterior looks is the initial step that show the way to success and if this can excess direct the consumer to a affirmative mood and feelings (Milliman, 1986).The restaurants entire setting, the atmospheric static and the ambience are constantly very important in determining twain consumers and front line employees approach about the procedures and service delivery result. This necessitates that it was exceptionally significant that the understanding of the tangible force on service quality, like charitable and physical facilities, along with the appearance of personnel. Play areas are the extra facility provided by some of the branches in order to attract pocket-sized kids and the crowd are also the indicator for attracting the customers depending on the nature of the restaurants (Bitner, 1992).Customer behavior is a key element for the planning of the marketing in view of the fact that satisfaction does sway customers intention to loyalty of a consumer to the branch. Therefore, marketers are supposed to look into the issues that would have an effect on customer preferences intensity. Besides, as customer prospect are altering over time and it is certified to determine the customer satisfaction, preferences and expectation on regular basis and empale complaints timely and effectively.3. Research MethodsThe food industry is highly aggressive and patrons have also become more demanding due to sufficient knowledge and information they have about the different trends in restaurant industry which causes increase the significance of effective marketing strategies to get the competitive advantage in order to understand the wants and needs of the customers with the purpose of securing long term loyalty of the customer to their brand. A description of the approach used to develop the questionnaire for consumer testing Pizza Hut in a commercial environment. take in technique and Sample sizeSample size used for this study was 100 answerents. The sampling technique used in this study was convenience sampling method.RespondentsThe information used in this research was collected from the customers including both male and pistillate having the age from 14 and onwards from different branches of pizza hut restaurants. Mostly respondents gave us the positive feedback.Procedure of data collectionDat a would be collected through survey by visit at several branches of pizza hut which is a personal way of collecting data.Customers waiting time when they were waiting for their turn to get sit in peak timesWhile customers are selecting the salads from the salad corner.4. Research ResultsThe restaurant industry has undoubtedly not been free from either augmented emulation or from increasing customer expectations regarding quality. In the greatly competitive food industry, large operators chain have a propensity to gain competitive gain in the course of cost leadership, likely only due to standardization and economies of scale beginning from large market destinys, while smaller, fencesitter restaurants on the other hand endeavor to gain benefit through differentiation. The food industry is greatly aggressive and customers have also heavy(p) to be more demanding due to adequate awareness and information they have about the diverse styles in restaurant industry which increase the way out of successful marketing strategies to obtain the competitive advantage to understand the requirements and desires of the customers gameboard 3.1The above table divides the data in terms of gender. Gender is one of the most important demographic factors when it comes to the behavioural studies. In order to get the equal and variety of responses, the selection of the respondents was taken up with great thrill of so, that different aspect would be covered and highlighted. In the above data set the no of mail respondents were 44 and the total no of female respondents were 56. The male represents the 44% of our data set while the female is on majority and represents 56% of the total data set.Table 3.2Customer behavior and preferences are the key element for the planning of the marketing in view of the fact that satisfaction does sway customers intention to loyalty of a consumer to the branch. Therefore, marketers are supposed to look into the issues that would have an effect on customer preferences intensity. Besides, as customer prospect are altering over time and it is advised to determine the customer satisfaction, preferences and expectation on regular basis and grip complaints timely and effectively.The above table displays the rating of factors with respect to the importance in the perception of the customers that affects the consumer behavior while selecting the branch. The total sample size for the analysis was equal to 100 (N=100).If we analyze the above table the mean value of the branch service among all of the variables is on the higher side its value is equal to 3.52 approximately 4 conveys an idea that the service provided by any branch is the most important factor among the all that have been examine for the said study. Branch service includes the welcome given by the staff of the branch to its customers, the time they took to book the order of their customers, the way staff members respond to the order of the customers and in the time of n eed help their customers to get things ensconce for the final order placement. The game most important part of the branch service is the serving time (time they take to serve the order) a more delayed serving of the order develops the bad impression about the branch and there would be a less likelihood of the customers to visit the particular branch again. If we study in too deep the branch service also incorporates the attention of the staff after the placement of the order it doesnt mean that one staff member should always be standing on the head of customer but, to make sure that if people would be required with any other thing during their meal time it should be provided on time. Branch service is the most important factor in the mind of the customer and the branch managers should take care that their service quality is on higher side and doesnt ever compromise on it which helps them to get the customer satisfaction which is defined as the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that the service or product features, its attributes provided a delightful level of consumption associated exercise including levels of under fulfillment or over fulfillment. This definition of satisfaction proposes that the assessment method covers the whole utilization experience and this creates the preferences for a particular branch by a consumer. This feature is essential in the learning of consumer satisfaction and preferences in services, given the empirical, interactive character of service encounter. It facilitates in creating feelings and develops sense of affection towards the particular branch restaurant resulting in a stronger influence on consumer behavior towards the branch. Restaurant strives for instructive affirmative feelings to their brand attain by stage management tangible attributes. Consumers compare service quality with cost to determine service value with one branch to another. Service cost is basically what consumers have to give up or hold to obtain a desired service. Since it has a negative impact on consumers budgets, it would have a negative influence on their perceptions of service value. The concept of cost can be extended to include nonmonetary cost such a service time. Service time is the amount of time during which a service is provided. Since most customers would like to have faster services, service time would affect perceived service value in the same way monetary cost wouldAfter the Branch service the second most important factor in our study is the branch location the place where the branch is situated. The mean value of the branch location is 3.25 approximately 4 means customer also think of this factor while deciding which branch to opt for their meal time. Branch emplacement includes the availability of the parking, repute of the area, past record of criminal activities and lot more. Branch location is also one of the most important factors while visiting any branch for the meal. The convenience of location is very important that includes the parking space, seating availability in the restaurant the nearness to roof-tops like peoples residence, hotels, and motels is significant for the accomplishment of restaurants all through the dinner mealtime duration. The cost of attaining parking near to a restaurant is sighted as a non-revenue generating expenditure. The impact of location of branches and food service has a positive association with the consumer behavior due to the reason of busybodied schedule of the people nowadays. Some customer prefers buying the food or dining in the restaurant located nearer to their offices and/or home.The deuce-ace most important factor is the branch crowd, if we look at its mean values it is around 2.35. On the basis of our analysis scale, it is rated as some way in between unimportant and neutral means that in the selection of the branch outlet is also considered after the above devil that we discussed earlier. Usually the people travel to the upper class visit the selected restaurant outlets, the crowd factor is of least important but, it is important as it has been spy in the restaurant industry that people from the upper class opt those branches that have a high number of visiting people belong to the upper end class. Factors like branch size and ambience are of not that much important equivalence to other factors in our results this is due to the fact that the selected outlet is on the higher side in these terms. In restaurants tangibles are appropriate to the restaurants physical facilities, paraphernalia and manifestation of personnel. While restaurant consumers do not take delivery of only serving of food, but also a huge component of service, they undeniably depend on earlier indication in the deficiency of tangible verification by which to measure service quality. In restaurant branches ambiance fundamentals are surface and texture, smell, color, sound, and texture inducing intuitive reactions in restauran t atmosphere that persuades purchase likelihood known as the mechanical clues. For paradigm, the aroma of coffee tree chip cookies baking generates affectionate feelings, and stimulates their enthusiasm for a treat. The restaurants entire setting, the atmospherics and the ambience are important in determining both consumers and front line employees approach about the procedures and service delivery result. This necessitates that it was exceptionally significant that the understanding of the tangible force on service quality, like generous and physical facilities, along with the appearance of personnel. In our result, ambiance might not be the most important factor due to not having any Play areas that considered additional facility provided by some of the branches of differences food handcuffs in order to attract small kids also the indicator for attracting the customers depending on the nature of the restaurantsThe selected outlet branches are already known for their ambience and size they have adopted a theme for their restaurant that has been practice in each of their branch so, when customer visits any of their branches they find out the same theme therefore, in the selected retail outlet its importance is on very lower side.Below are the pie charts representing the two most important factors of the study branch location and branch service. The other factors are not significant as these two are their pie chart are as follows3.3 Branch Service StatisticsThe above pie chart represents the most important factor in our study that is Branch Service if we study the above pie chart the responses were constant in the three categories means that people have mix responses with respect to the branch service of the selected outlets. The 52% of the respondents were considered the Brach service is the important factor when it comes to select ion any outlet. Mangers do focus and make corrective action in their services of the respective branch.3.4 Branch Location Stati sticsThe above pie chart represents the second most important factor in our study that is Branch Location if we study the above pie chart the responses were mixed in the selected categories means that people have mix responses with respect to the branch location. The 38 respondents were considered the Brach Location is the highly Important factor when it comes to selection any outlet. Top Management does focus and should perform the background study before choosing any location for the disruption of their branch.4. ConclusionIn todays promptness and increasingly more competitive market, the cornerstone line of a companys strategies is to make income and add to the development of the company. Customer gratification, favourable position of the service, satisfaction, quality and retention are the matters that persuade all organizations including profit or non-profit large or small and multinational or national.Customer behavior for restaurant branch is regularly used as a sign of wh ether consumer will come back to a restaurant. Whereas there is no treaty of a satisfied customers repeat visit, it is nearly certain that a not satisfied consumer will not return. A study of the basics or attributes of consumer preference be supposed to give indication concerning what action a restaurant service manager must take to raise the probability that consumers will appear back. It appears that study is not often concluded that the notable rate of malfunction in the restaurant service industry advices that the management can find the targets of converting consumer preference into financial achievement a shadowed one. We accept as true that restaurant failures are partially a consequence of managements lack of strategic direction in determining and focusing on customer contentment and preference.Research has shown that Consumers consider branch service, Branch Location and Branch Crowd as the most important element while choosing any Pizza Hut branch. Achieving the custo mer satisfactions leads towards market share as well as loyalty towards restaurants and to maintain the progress which is necessary to keep the effective measure in terms of customer demands and fulfillments. Though, it is unsounded that restaurant possessor would like to identify the strongest influence on re-patronage intentions. A study divulges that customer behavior is the better predictor of intention comparing to service quality to repurchase. Increasing trend in re-patronage is always due to service quality which is provided by the management to the consumers and at the same time customer should be satisfied. Any of the factor missing may cause the decrease in loyalty of the customer towards that particular branch and customers would be unwilling to re-visit for dining to the same restaurant.

I Hate You, Yet Thank You Essay -- Personal Narrative Cancer Essays

I Hate You, Yet convey YouDear Cancer, Did you hunch over, that I vox populi that the one thing in life that wouldnt qualifying was my family? I aspect that no matter what we would unceasingly be there for each other. September 27, 2000, all of those beliefs were shattered because of you. Four years ago you killed Nana, my only grandma. That date will for perpetually be etched in my heart because of you. You caused so much pain and so much sorrow when you took her from us. She was so loving, so caring, and so giving. I see why you wanted her, but why did you have to steal her? Did you even know anything closely her? She was a good person who didnt deserve anything that you did to her. We, as a family, are good people who didnt deserve to be breach by you.You see, before you took Nana from us, I thought that family was just there. I thought that they would always be there, just because. I remember being turbulent when Nana would ask me to help her do something. I would al ways think, Cant you ask Leslie or Katie instead? Whenever my grandpa would drive, he would make certainly he went five miles per hour under the limit. Let me just spot you, that made me so mad I remember crouching on the canful in the car so that when people sped past us with their grimy looks, they wouldnt see me. Even the way I acted towards my parents changed after my Nana passed away. Before, I would always roll my eyes when they told me what to do. I didnt think that they knew what they were lecture about when they would tell me to do something. Like most teenagers, I thought I was always right.Did you know that every summer Nana and Poppy, my mom and dad, and sisters and I would go to our summer house in Maine? It was a tradition. My birthday always fell when we were up ... ...enly arguing with my sisters doesnt seem worth it. What if something ever happened to them? The last memory that they would have of me would be a negative one. I tell my parents I love them every single day, because its the truth. I know they love me, so I want to let them know how much I love them. I felt bad for every negative thought that I had towards my grandma. I thought that she would somehow range of a function out how I used to feel, but then I accomplished that she always loved me and my sisters unconditionally. That is why I loved her so much, and that is why, no matter what, I will always love her.Basically, the point of this garner is to thank you for one thing. Thank you for strengthening our family bond. Thank you for helping me take a crap just how important family is. You helped me realize how much we mean to each other. Thank you for that and only that. Sarah*

Presentation of World War II in Band of Brothers :: essays research papers

Band of Brothers is a fascinating show that captures moments lived by soldiers during humankind War II. It specifically relates to the history of soldiers called Easy Company. They are faced with numerous challenges and tragedies everyday. They stuck together and helped each other out, while also trying to expire themselves. The problem was that it was very difficult to keep sane, when you are literally ceremonial occasion people die left and right, even worse you brace limited supplies. To be honest I never thought much of WWII until I saw Band of Brothers. They did a good job of really showing, the hideous side of the struggle. Even though the war needed to happen it was not at all an easy thing for these soldiers. I was aware that some deaths occurred, but I had never considerd the way the soldiers died. My perception of the war changed dramatically. I felt the heartbreak of the soldier who watched others die. I can lonesome(prenominal) imagine the broken lives of the fa milies back home that found out they broken their loved ?one. The conditions, in which the soldiers fought for our country, were unbearable. It was disturbing to see them dig holes and literally repose and live in them. They had no real shelter. The soldiers did not even stick gloves, or even a good warm heavy coat. cardinal of the soldiers in the movie had to keep his blood flowing by pinching his mint to make it bleed because he had no gloves. The part that made me realize how much they needed supplies was when the soldier was using his helmet on top of the brush aside to heat things up. Because of the lack of clothing soldiers were unable to fight because of things like dump foot, which had no cure but amputation. The graphic points of the film were what really got me. It was irrational how within minutes you could be dead. The sad part was that most of the soldiers who died could have lived if they had the proper medical supplies, attention, and space. The soldiers had to pick up their injured bloody friends and slowly watch them die on their way to the nurse. The worst part is that they knew they had no chance once they got to the nurse. I felt sympathy for the nurses because these soldiers? lives were in their hands.