Solomon Northups Twelve Years A Slave Essay -- Essays on Twelve Years

After reading Solomon Northups cardinal Years A Slave, I was overwhelmed with his experience. He was born a free man in New York in 1808. In 1841 he was tricked, captured, and sold into slavery in Washington, D.C. Through egress his book, Solomon goes into details describing his life as a slave, which validates our critique of slavery. As abolitionists, it is our duty to do something close to slavery. Although, as abolitionists, we have a annals of disagreements among us, it time to put a stop to our arguments and start fighting for something we each(prenominal) believe in - to abolish slavery. While the growing cotton thriftiness has made slavery more attractive than ever before to close to southern peck, slavery has to be abolished based on these reasons first, because slaves are treated inhumanly second, because it hires southern white society savage and cruel, and third, it turns southern whites into greedy and wasted people.One of the main reasons that slavery sh ould be abolished is because masters treat their slaves inhumanly. get the hang disregard the idea of family among slaves. Although they encourage slave mating, they do so out of selfish reasons. Slaves who have families are likely to have kids, who will do property of the master after birth, and at the same time they are least likely to run away. In addition, the actual law does not provide any protection or recognition of slave marriage or family, which discourages the formation of family among slaves . Just like the law, masters do not take families into consideration and are reluctant to break slave families by sale. For example when Eliza was sold, she begged her new master to purchase her daughter as well. However, freeman would not sell Emily, because there were piles... ...e Declaration of the Independence.After reading Twelve Years A Slave, I was sad to find out about how people struggle however, at the same time I was stirred because it would open up peoples eye s about the mistreatment of African-Americans. It provides examples of how slaves are treated on daily basis it also shows how whites in the South are breaking the law, which fails to serve justice even if they are caught in the act. It also shows how people in the South are turning into a barbaric and dotty society. Therefore as abolitionists, we feel that unless slavery is abolished, the goal of this country to make all men free and equal has failed. So if our fight for liberty has failed, what is left of our country?Works CitedNorthup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave. 1853. Ed. litigate Eakin and Joseph Logsdon. Baton Rouge Louisiana State UP, 1975.

Feminine Mystique and Black boy Comparison Essay -- essays papers

Feminine Mystique and bootleg boy Comparison trash for survival and status within the worldhas been in affect since the sway Age. It startswith composition against tool battling for survival. Astime goes on, so does the type of battle, from beastto man against man. When conquerors from Europecome over to North America they fag the Indianswest because they, the Indians, do non fit into thesociety the white man creates and there aredifferences that are noticeable. Later on therebecomes unlikeness against blacks with the JimCrow Laws and the silencing of women. Throughouthistory there are more examples where population do notfit into the norm of society. Betty Friedan andRichard Wright in their novels The Feminine Mystiqueand Black Boy both experience different forms ofoppression. As Betty Friedan discusses a worrythat has no name, but mainly how a woman is enslavedin a mans society, while Richard Wright tries toovercome the Jim Crow south by attacking racialide ntity. But forbidden to join man in the world, canwomen be people (Friedan 50)? Friedan illustratesthis point throughout her book. The fore-sisters ofFriedan fought for the passage of the ordinalamendment which was passed in August of 1920. Thepassage of this amendment was largely due to thewomens part to the war effort, the goal wasdeclared about seventy-two years before, during theSeneca go convention in 1848. Throughout thistime, women became immersed in their education andtheir own self-worth. scrutinizing for jobs and nothusbands is the strain. During this period thenational birth rate declines since the women are nothome at the mans beck and call.As the ti... ...pirit to gain that familiarity will falldeep within the cracks and will not be able tosurvive. But Richard Wright fights to fulfill hishunger of education that is denied to him. Theroles of the African Americans are mapped out forthem, making them follow to the set aspirationssociety has for them. J ust as society does for thewomen in Friedans novel were to aspire to be ahousewife. Overall, Friedan and Wright though coming from twodifferent times and places both focus on oppression of themind. The oppression that brings this world against oneanother is destroying for each one person. With education beingtold as being for the white man just now and our rolesoutlined by society, we try not to go against them. But weshould not let our culture hold us back if we feel a void bynot achieving what we as a person and partake in this worldwant.

Macro Systems Paper Essay

Macro outlines are the role of the broad practices of companionable Work. The divisions of tender doing are lots transfer integrity into three practices which include the categories of macro instruction, mezzo, and micro. Often commended as being a schema which provides intervention services that affect entire communities and their musical arrangements of care and concern, Macro take aim complaisant consort has been known to be highly effective.Responsibility of the gracious Service Worker in the Macro EnvironmentBecause Macro System focuses on large groups, well-disposeds workers who use this practice most oftentimes work in efforts to help clients more so on a residential di tight take aim rather than individually. Lobbying to change health care laws, organizing state-wide activist groups or being activist for tender policy change have often become battles of mixer workers who see the needs of their clients who are not in a position to initiate the necessary c hanges. Social Workers ultimate office in the macro scheme environment is to be the voice of the commonwealth to which they provide their services. It is also left up to human service workers to join with those people who are the over seers of the services that they distribute to make genuine that the services provided meet the needs of the people.Personal, social, and Political EmpowermentEmpowerment is congenital in the Macro frame environment. Personal empowerment is centered on the individual and is the availableity of having an influence on events which are mortalified in the ideology of the person. Interpersonal Empowerment is proportioned by the successful interaction with others and the level of concern that we drive on the regards other people have for us. This level of empowerment is found on social status, class, gender and sex and refers to a persons ability of influence others. Political empowerment is the process of allocating resources, and stresses th e goals of social change as s surface up as social actions. Political empowerment is genuinely inter expeditious with ball club but still makes room for a person to maintain his or her individualityIndividual Involvement in ninefold Social SystemsAn individuals involvement in multiple social remainss is very common. In the micro system the focus is based on individual personal interaction. In the micro system an individual whitethorn discover that he or she needs counseling and may taste one on one professional help. The mezzo system includes communities, institutions, or small structures much(prenominal) as neighborhoods. This system is a derivative of such organizations as self-help groups or community advocacy programs. Taking on an active role in the mezzo and micro systems as well, the macro system placees issues in these systems as well. The macro system affects systems and communities. In the macro system individuals are actively involved in creating change in social programs such as health care.Macro Systems in Response to boor Maltreatment, Sexual Abuse, detestation, and Delinquency Child maltreatment, informal abuse, crime, and delinquency are gravestone factors in the mere existence of the social work program. In the macro system child maltreat takes precedence over all else and because of strict guidelines of care and concern in reference to children, the macro system provides several(prenominal) outlets to report abuse or suspected abuse of children as well as vulnerable adults. In response to Sexual Abuse in the macro systems have come up with medical procedures to detect sexual abuse in some cases and certain laws such as PREA (Prison, Rape, and excreting Act) were established to protect individuals in prison communities from enduring sexual abuse.Crime and Delinquency which often go hand in hand are addressed on different levels. In the macro system, children who are broken-down are often placed in juvenile corrections in an e ffort to rehabilitate. Boots Camps such as the Mississippi Challenge Academy at Camp Shelby which was established in 1993. This program was considered a second materialize for juvenile delinquents. In the macro system there is no resolve cut or precise course of actions because every case is different. The level of response is totally dependent upon the mitigating circumstance surrounding the event.Functionalism and Interactionist Theory carnal knowledge to PovertyA operativeist framework is used to synthesize well-known ideas just about societal integration and, conversely, disintegration. If the underlying Darwinian metaphor in functional analysis is retained, and supplemented by dialectical metaphors, then functional theorizing can insightfully address the forces of societal disintegration. (Turner, Johnathan H. A macro-level functional surmisal of societal disintegration. The International ledger of Sociology and Social Policy. (1996) P36). In regards to the functionalism theory applied to poverty in the macro system it exemplifies that there is a place for poverty in decree. barren people and their needs are essential to social workers as well as service providers who distribute or allocate resources those who need them. some social workers have made use of symbolic interactionism as a microsociological underpinning for work with individuals, couples, families and groups.The profession has less often applied interactionist thought to work with larger social systems. Queralt (1996), however, in her text on human manner and the social environment, gave importance to the community theorizing of Robert Park, a Chicago School sociologist who taught many symbolic interactionists. In addition, she discussed Parks application of concepts like the blade of vitality, succession, and competition to community processes and judged these as forerunners of the modern social work ecological model. (Breakwell, G. M. (1982).The holly and the ivy Social psychol ogy and social work. In P. Stringer (Ed.), Confronting social issues Applications of social psychology, Vol. 1 (pp. 204-223). London Academic Press.) In total contrast to the functionalist theory, the interactionist theory concludes that people are poor because of situations or circumstance occurring in life which was by far beyond their control. In the essence of poverty the functionalist confide that there is a place for poor people in society and that its necessary to have poor people and the interactionist basically believes that no one should be poor.ConclusionIn conclusion the macro system is a major component of social work. Unlike the micro a mezzo systems, the macro system focus on larger entities of society which include schools, neighborhoods, or communities. I most favor the macro system because its much easier to determine your effectiveness as a social worker. Its great to be able to help individuals but in the macro systems, the social worker serves as the voice of the people and often cause or create change in policies, allocations of resources, and brainstorming impudently ideas to improve those resources already in place.ReferencesBreakwell, G. M. (1982). The holly and the ivy Social psychology and social work. In P. Stringer (Ed.), Confronting social issues Applications of social psychology, Vol. 1 (pp. 204-223). London Academic Press.Konopka, G. (1972). Social group work A helping process. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-HallTurner, Johnathan H. A macro-level functional theory of societal disintegration. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. (1996) P36)

Gay Marriage Opinion Essay

Mainwaring goes on to argue that because Only a little more than 53% of the signers were Republican, and the remain an assortment of parties, gay marriage is a common, mainstream concern, to be dual-lane among citizens of all backgrounds. Mainwaring defends the signers of this petition, stating that because they sign-language(a) an anti-gay marriage petition, their actions cannot be chalked up to homophobic motives. He says that the vast majority only if view marriage as an abiding bourninal that can only apple to heterosexuals, and that we shouldnt mess with the term marriage.I describeed before that Mainwarings opinion on this topic is advantageously unique. This is because he himself is, in occurrence, gay. It was not only the fact that Mainwaring decided to mention this, further also the juxtaposition of this statement that was mildly infuriating to me. To me, placing the fact that he is gay directly after his statements defending the people who signed the petition is a bit like an African-American saying I think blacks should be subject to a lower standard of livelihood than whitesand its okay for me to think this because Im blackIf a black person were to say this today, this would be considered socially unacceptable from roughly every person in this country, and it should be the same for Mainwaring and all early(a) gays. Its extremely difficult for me to crimson begin to wrap my motion around how Mainwaring can even have this opinion. How he can blatantly undermine the oppressed minority he has categorized himself into, simply because we should not attempt to force into an old construct something that was never meant for same-sex partnerships is appalling.Mainwaring believes that simply because the term marriage has meant one thing for the past two hundred years, it simply cannot be open to interpretation, like m all other dated law of natures. So mevery different sections of the constitution have been twisted and bent toward discordant opinions, just as the following should be. All persons born or conventional in the United call forths, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The argument that Mainwaring is act to make is ill-supported and weak. It is less credible that the late 1920s Separate but Equal mantra, considering civil unions, which Mainwaring proposes for gays, are in no way even close to being equal to a traditional marriage.Before the polite Rights Movement, many people were raised to believe that blacks were meant to be inferior. However, as consciousness arose, people began to realize that this simply is not true under the look of the law, there should be virtually no difference between a black person and a white person. Likewise, there should be no difference between a gay or a bang-up couple. A civil union is in no way a reasonable alternative for gays, and if us as Americans were to make that statement the refreshed traditional, there one day in the future whitethorn be no limits on the term marriage.

Rationale for Ptlls

Rationale My topic exit be based more or less Employability Skills Why is a CV so important, what should it include and how to put your CV together. I am currently not in a t distributivelyer/tutor role right now but I break away in recruitment and I find and place suitable so-and-sodidates at bottom the training and WBL bena. As this is what I currently do for my job I am comfortable delivering this subject to a group of learners. My aim is for my learners To empathize the Importance of Putting Together a Good CV and How to Do it.My learners give make up of 3 of my fellow colleagues from my PTLLS course and go out be delivered on the 26th November in a classroom at college. Prior to the session I leave prepare a PowerPoint presentation which bequeath include aims and objectives of the session, the CV modelings, the group t assume and the final outcome. I will back up this presentation on a USB stick. I have chosen this vision to enable the learners to engage immediatel y and endure the subject matter whilst I am introducing myself, the aims and objectives.By having a visual resource at the bulge outning of the session the learners can start to digest the cultivation whilst I am delivering it aurally. This will appeal to the two preferred attainment looks and gain interest and engagement from the start. The PowerPoint will keep me and my delivery on track and not veering off the subject. The aim and objective will also be written on my white board or saucy chart which will remain up during the whole session. This is to inspire the learners of the subject and they can refer to it during the group construct t acquire.I will represent the room so the group can sit together and can see the presentation and can see the whiteboard. I will anticipate the group to leave their bags and coats at the back of the room to avoid some(prenominal) trip hazards or distractions. As the group already know each other I will not regard to install an nut ca se breaker. I do not yet know whether they have each special requirements. In preparing for my micro teach I draw on information and research around my current employment.I will research the criteria that are needed for a CV, what the prospective employers want to see a CV and the most effective format to procedure. I will prepare in advance a spill of a not bad(predicate) and bad example of a CV. I will also prepare a advert of key descriptive words to use in a CV in case we finish too quickly. I will begin my session by introducing myself, my aims and objectives. I will ask if anyone has any front experience in putting together a CV and if so how long ago it was. The objectives of the session 1. To listen to the introduction and information to the highest degree the session. . Understand the importance of a good CV 3. Discuss the good and bad aspects of a sample CV 4. Identify skills and abilities when writing a CV 5. Answer questions and recap. I will introduce the subject by asking questions about their previous experience of writing a CV, was it short, long, bulleted or paragraphed? I will ask them why a CV is so important and how they can create a good first impression. By asking these open questions I will be drawing on the learners previous experience and getting them involved.I can introduce English functional skills here as they will need to go over its written and presented properly with no grammar or spelling mistakes. I will explain that the next task is a group work session where they will be given a copy of a poorly written CV as a handout. They will need to identify the good part of the CV that are relevant and the parts that are not needed. After this period I will ask them to present their findings which I will write up on the flip chart. I will display on my presentation the layout of the preferred style of CV and ask the group if they have any questions.This will enable them to clarify any information or offer any ideas they whitet horn have. I will then handout a formatted copy of the skipper CV and how it should look. I will ask the learners to discuss what is different with this reading relay back to me. This will appeal to the different preferred styles of learning, written, aural and reading. I will use everyones name when asking or answering a question, I will make eye tangency equally and if someone is not involved I will ask them direct or hypothetical questions.I will use the 7 W processes in asking my questions. If I overrun I will use the last previous CV version as a handout for the learners to take with them, if I run out of time I will introduce my Use of Descriptive CV Words doc. I will summarise the session by relating to the aims and objectives on the flip chart and by referring to the handouts for future reference when putting together a CV. I will thank them for their time and tell them the session is over.

My Ideal School Essay

What is a school? To me, a school is the center of education. It provides capable ,emotional as well as spiritual enrichment. I am incontestable every wiz has their own notion of what an rootl school is. It is a place where one feels most comfortable to learn in. In my opinion,an ideal school would consists of a building with an ultra modern infrastructure and top-notch facilities. All the classrooms volition get hold of colourful walls with wonderful paintings and thought-provoking pictures hanging on them.All the classrooms testament be well-lit and fully air-conditionered. It would be perfect if the tables and chairs are arranged in a semi-circle facing the teacher. Apart from that,we will also need a well-equipped library with the state-of-art facilities for students to conduct their research and studies. Computer cataloguing should also be introduced to buzz off referencing easier. In addition an ideal school should have a shopisticated secondary school and sports centre .Athletes and swimmers can also train at the school mini-stadium and swimming pool. Students at once are burdened with preparedness and endless examinations. My constructive and productive homework shoul be given instead of burdening homework. Students should not be doing their homework for the sake of doing them. Teachers could perhaps have Biology classes outdoors so that students can actually appreciate the beauty of nature or organized field trips to battle array and conventions to make learning interesting.Traditional art and culture classes should also be held in the ideal school to nurture the spirit of appreciation among students. More all over,to maximize the students learning capacities,lessons should start at 10. 00 a. m. There should be breaks in amongst so that students can digest knowledge from the previous lesson instead of cannonball along to the next lesson straight after the previous one. In this era of globalization,ICT is of upmost importance .So why cant schools have paperless pedagogy and learning? Heavy bags and tons of books should be a thing of the past. Besides,it will also great if the students have teleconferencing and online forum with scholars from all over the world. The notion of ideal is sometimes painfully defined as an idea existing only in imagination and is not likely to manage true. However I believe the idea of creating an ideal school would not merely remain a dream after all.

Corporate Culture: Formal and Informal

Corporate finishing is the sh bed values and meanings that members hold in frequent and that ar practiced by an organizations leaders. Organizational and corporeal conclusions are formal and informal. They poop be studied by observation, by listening and interacting with people in the kitchen-gardening, and by reading what the lodge says intimately its own culture, by understanding career path progressions, and by find stories almost the order. As R.Solomon stated, Corporate culture is related to ethics through the values and leadership styles that the leaders practice the company model, the rituals and symbols that organizations value, and the way organisational executives and members communicate among themselves and with stakeholders. As a culture, the corporation make up ones minds not save jobs and roles it as soundly sets goals and establishes what counts as success (Solomon, 1997, p. 138). Corporate values are used to define corporate culture and drive operati ons found in self-coloured corporate cultures.Boeing, Johnson & Johnson, and the Borg-Warner firm on the whole exemplify sound cultures. They all live with a shared philosophy, they value the importance of people, they all consider heroes that symbolize the success of the company, and they celebrate rituals, which provide opportunities for caring and sharing, for developing a spirit of oneness and weness(Weiss, 1994). Organizations that stress competition, profit, and economic or self-interests over stakeholder obligations and that have on morally active direction often have cultures that are in trouble.The founders of an organization set the tome for the beginning staged of what a companys culture pull up stakes be. The practices of the founders and first employees begin the rituals, the corporate stories, and norms. morality are a major factor in the development of a official or negative culture. If companies allow unethical acts to occur, this behavior will perpetuate itself through the life of the organization. Promotions and raises also fix the type of culture a company has. Is everyone given a chance to excel or are there picks and choose as to who will get the promotion?This type of behavior creates mistrust among employees of a company, thus causing an incisive environment. Ethics are an important role in how everyday activities are carried out. The struggle that most people have today is implementing ethics into their periodic life is the question, Will it benefit the Company? or Is it right? The manner used to get on the right tract towards ethics is the finding that one whitethorn make. There are many different questions asked about guidelines of how to create and maintain a strong corporate culture.One may be able to set up a goal, or rising vision to service energyen his or her environment. This idea usher out help create an environment, which focus on enhancing the founders mission and objectives (Weiss, 1994). Communicat ion also affects the potentiality of weakness of a culture. It is essential that management communicate the accomplishments as well as the failures of the departments of the organization, not only vertically exactly horizontally as well. Reward criteria, conflict tolerance, and control are dimensions of a corporate culture.The culture of a company is very influential in insouciant transactions. It establishes what can and cannot be done. Some practices may be written down or may not be written down and are wise to(p) through observation. Planning, leading, organizing, and controlling are functions that are affect by the strength of weakness of a culture. Satisfaction of a job well done, benefits, and former(a) factors apply to the effectiveness of a culture. If leadership focuses on not only the well being of the organization but its members as well, this will bring forward full participation from its members.Ben and Jerrys are credited for involving its employees in the hiring process, by doing so, this made sure that new hires would be able to perform at the level expected of Ben and Jerrys. Employee empowerment allows the lower-level employees the advantage of making decisions that will twist the future of the company. Gabriela Valverde, Human Resource Manager, San Diego Zoo, said she works for the San Diego Zoo because of the expiation that she receives for the work that she does.She also says that there is a feeling of community deep down the institution, they all share a common goal. They all have a deep-rooted loyalty and sense of pride for the organization. (2001, par 23) Corporate cultures affect the internal and external activities of a company on a daily bases. The culture creates the environment that sets the mode for the total practices of an organization. A culture may be strong or it may be weak strong cultures share a common goal and have a positive environment.They hold true the not only the mission and objectives of the founding membe rs of the organization, but they are aware of their employee and the roles they play in its existences. Employee participation and involvement creates a surrounding that perpetuates positive outcomes. Weak cultures may allow unethical practices in the organization to continue either by its leadership or its subordinates. furious competition, favoritism, and weak communication create weak environments, thus allowing the breakdown of a culture. In either situation, it affects the total performance of the organizations and its members.The foundation of a culture should begin with the founders and its first employees they create the history and culture stories that future employees can reflect on. An organizations slogans, mission statement, and objectives can be guidelines that the company can follow to reinforce the principle ideals of that organization. Pride, loyalty, and job satisfaction are major factors that stimulate morale that carry strong cultures. To have a strong culture, constituents must have a positive feeling about the organizations, its leaders, and the way the organization operates.

Police Corruption Essay

Every police confidence throughout the United States has its own guard division. The police division is often over looked and underrated. In almost both agency, this division is the play of the Police Department. Despite the important role that patrol officeholders play, the role often may be viewed as a low-status area of policing. It is usually the largest section of an agency however, it receives the most agency funds. The patrol division responds to calls, provides services to the community, and helps to prevent crime. It is a physically and mentally de homophileding job, in which involves all facets of the policing role (Grant and Terry, 2011).Due to its demanding attention, Patrol Officers respond to a numerous of variety calls. These calls include homicides, rapes, and domestic disputes. An officer may at times be plagued with quick judgment calls, which may affect him in the long run. Community patrolling addresses the community concerns at the grassroots patrol level. As departments grow, they set realistic goals and continue to develop community partnerships. Unfortunately, nonpareil result often see patrol officers elucidate dark judgment calls, in which can lead to misconduct issues.Criminal acts under color of impartiality include acts within the spring or limits of lawful authority. This includes acts beyond the bounds of lawful authority. There has been an increase in police corruption issues, misconduct, and viciousness incidents within the last year. Everything from the range of using technology for bad choice in newly hired officers has led to this problem. Off-duty conduct may as well as be covered under color of law only if the culprit asserted official status in some manner. Due to these qualitys of issues, superstar forget sometimes hear the Police Department needs to be policed.A number of researchers involve examined the engagement of force. For example, there are debates for the progenys of force continuums among law enforcement agencies. As a police officer, I have encountered calls, in which witnesses have question my actions and even criminate me of police brutality. I once responded to a call of a possible burglary in progress. Upon my comer, I located a Hispanic male, in his late twenties, attempting to remove a window screen. When he notice my uniform and noticed who I was, he ran away from me while holding a sharp flat headed screw propeller driver in his right hand.As he climbed over a brick argue, separating the building, I observed he tossed the screw driver and he appeared to annoy for a second unknown object. As I climbed over the wall myself, I reached for my taser gun and deployed it. I struck him along the position of his trunk and he went down like rain drops on cement. As I subdued him and placed handcuffs on him, I could hear state gathering around saying, that Officer did not need to taser him, and this is police brutality. I knew that because of the wall blockin g the civilians view, most of the witnesses had not seen what had occurred on the other side of the wall.Using quick judgment and proper use of force will always be questi whizzd by the community. Unfortunately, not all patrol officers come not bad(predicate) judgment as you may have heard astir(predicate) the Fullerton Police Department relating to the incident with Kelly Thomas. Kelly Thomas, born on April 5, 1974 and died on July 10, 2011, was a homeless man diagnosed with schizophrenia. He lived on the streets of Fullerton, California where Thomas died vanadium days after an altercation with members of the Fullerton Police Department on July 5, 2011.after paramedics treated the officers first for their minor injuries, Thomas was taken to St. Jude Medical effect before being transferred to the UC Irvine Medical Center, where he was comatose on arrival and not expected to recover. Medical records show that b matchlesss in his face were broken and he had choked on his own bloo d (Sewell and Winton, 2011). A judge declined to dismiss the charges against the officers in January 2013, finding that a reasonable mortal could infer that the use of force was excessive and unreasonable. An appeals court judge in any case denied a request to overturn the lower courts decision. Manuel Ramos, one(a) of the Fullerton Police Officers, was charged with one count of second-degree murder and one count of involuntary manslaughter. Corporal Jay Cicinelli and Officer Joseph Wolfe were also each charged with one count of felony involuntary manslaughter and one count of excessive force. I was not at the incident therefore, I cannot judge my colleagues in the actions that were taken on their behalf.However, it is difficult for me to think that any kind being deserved this type of force used against him. When dealing with a combative assailable I use the only the amount of force needed to make the subject comply. I do not opinion that when dealing with a mentally ill tran sient, the use of strikes to the head and face are needed. As much as I hate to see my colleagues in this position, I feel that this is the closest we will get to entirelyice. Thomas will not return from the dead and someone needs to be punished for the mistakes made that day. some other case I would like to discuss is the Huntington Beach Police Detective, who was accused of corruption. A veteran Huntington Beach police officer was once assign to a federal anti-drug task force. He was arrested on charges that he conspired with others to go bad large quantities of cocaine and marijuana. Sergeant Alvaro Murillo, who was also known as The Godfather by his cohorts, was accused of using his job as a police officer to recruit informants in the drug world. After this, he would then use them to help him steal narcotics from dealers (Glover, 2008).Unfortunately, we are going to have officers who abuse their authority. It winning of makes me embarrassed to be associated with this type o f behavior. As a rookie officer, I was employed by the City of Huntington Beach. I patrolled the streets of Huntington Beach with my Field schooling Officer (FTO) where I remembered one incident when he drove me to a house, which had been raided on a drug related warrant search. I observed evidence, which included United States currency, guns, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, and other drug relating to paraphernalia finesse on the living room floor.It is disgusting to see a man fall to temptation, even worse, to see a fellow officer daub our profession by performing such a disgusting act. However, this profession, just like all other professions, is conducted by human beings and human beings make mistakes. A key factor in being a good police officer is using good discretion and having integrity. Sergeant Murillo was sentenced to prison house to do time for his action. I agree with this punishment, no matter how bad temptation is. As Police Officers, we are held to a higher expec tation.If one is tempted by the minor temptations in life and needs to corrupt ones police department to reach financial gain, then the case-by-case has no business in this profession. As a rookie officer, I remember an old Sergeant briefing the patrol division at 0500 hours. The last words of his briefing were, be safe and do the lords work. By being associated with police corruption, misconduct, and excessive force, one is working with the evil forces of disposition in which where one swore to protect against the negative influences. By staying away from those young acts, it has made me a better officer and an overall better human being.

Crime is Socially Constructed by Society Essay

criminal dischargeense does not natur ally occur. It arises due to its necessity in accredited atomic number 18as. In other words, it is brotherlyly constructed by the residents of execration ridden scopes who live in societies that cook criminal abilities. This is due to a number of concomitantors, but most importantly, wickedness arises in legitimate places because of the blatant sequestration of the rich and poor population tend to live in beas with other race who make slightly the same amount of money, and in low income beas, people resort to offensive activity to make a few extra dollars. High truth-breaking Areas So oecumenically, beas with high iniquity rates have these problems because they are poorer areas.The residents of such areas much do not have the options that the residents upper class neighborhoods have. Unemployment rates are much higher in poor communities (or areas with whatsoeverwhat modestly priced homes, or public housing) and crime, th erefore may, potentially, result in a greater pecuniary gain for individuals of poor areas when considering their other options. As crime is generally specify as almostthing that goes against the law, it may be said that the laws mixed-up in numerous petty crimes of poor communities were not put in place to treasure the citizens of lower class communities.Although some are dangerous, ineligible drugs often lay out a means (and for many another(prenominal) people, the only means) of monetary gain in communities with lower standards of living. Though illegal, drug trafficking is seen as a better selection than starving by many of the people who participate in the trade. given up that laws are, if at all, at best loosely framed around general moral concepts of right and wrong, it may be said that not all crime would be commonly thought of as bad, when alternatives are revealed.For instance, it is illegal to urinate in public, but if one draws themselves in an unfamiliar area and is unable to locate a restroom, it is probably better for that person to conciliate himself behind a tree in a park, than do so on himself, or harm his body by refraining from urinating for too long. Laws frequently Overlooked or Disregarded There are a cud of actions that are illegal (and are therefore crimes) that are commonplace in certain communities or environments. For instance, it is socially (but still not legally) acceptable to subscribe in college settings, where many of the people are underage.And in poorer communities where selling drugs skunk lead to someones primary income, most people do not regard handling or selling drugs as a crime, but rather as a means of making money, and something that must(prenominal) be concealed when law enforcement is in the area. Generally, the people in areas where drugs are sold feel that law enforcement is trying to get in the trend of their rights the people do not believe that what they are doing is morally reprehensible. wickedness Created by the lawmaker, rather than the LawbreakerIt seems that, when residents of high crime areas consider some criminal activities to be unfairly restricted, crime is urinated by the government, which chose to outlaw certain actions. When lawbreakers do not consider their actions wrong, then to them, crime is indeed constructed by the government, which created laws. But from an authoritative view, crime is not created by the government, or exhibited by law enforcement who creates crime as officers make arrests, but rather it is created by the citizens who break laws that the government put into place. whatever society that has laws, rules, or restrictions that in any mode hinder the civil rights or serve to make up ones mind the actions of citizens will potentially have crime. The lawmakers will consider crime as a creation of the citizens, while many citizens will view crime as something created by the lawmakers who decided to limit civil freedoms. The reason tha t some areas have much higher rates of crime than others is that as crime is socially constructed, it is done so by necessity. This, combined with housing segregation of the rich and poor, generally designates poorer neighborhoods as areas of higher crime.But crime by its definition comes about in a different way. Values of Lawmaker and Lawbreaker may Differ Crime is justified by many lawmakers by their make moral standards. Suppose someone robs a thingumabob store, and carries away a few loaves of bread and some packaged meat. The buccaneer probably does not completely disregard the wellbeing of the company or workers whom he robbed. He probably believes that they will still make it, purge with the loss of the bread and meat. So in the thiefs mind, he considers that he needs the food, and the vending company does not.Crime is really a conception. Although it is supposed to align with what is not right, or an action that is in fact wrong, when people have the ability to transcen d the view that all laws are to protect what is intrinsically right, they can look at laws as restrictions. And generally, as people break the law, they try to avoid those who guard those restrictions (which are the law enforcement officers). It makes it much easier for people who participate in criminal activities to be of this view, as it helps to eliminate guilt. But this view is only applicable in certain scenarios.Most people are not able to blow off a murder by allowing that it is only wrong because the law says so. In some cases, such as with murder, criminals may realize that according to their own morals a crime is wrong, and that explains why such serious crimes that are almost universally considered morally wrong are committed slight than crimes that some may label restrictions. And many people do mensurate the morals of a situation according to their own values when it comes to making certain decisions, rather than according to the laws set in place.It seems that the b est way to explain what crime is, is by allowing that it is indeed created by the lawmakers. It is constructed socially, by people who set rules that are think to govern societies. By setting these rules, they create the possibility of crime, which is defined as the breaking of these rules. Crime can be trivial, or very severe. Criminal offenses generally result in punishment, which is intended to deter crime, but when people do not see their actions as wrong, their main goal is not to refrain from their actions, but rather to find away not to be caught for committing them.The Emergence of Crime Crime is socially created by any form of government. As Thomas Hobbes explains in his harbor Leviathan, before people become socially organized, and give up their graphic rights that may include harming others for personal gain (as there are no laws or requirements in some state of nature except to do what prolongs ones life), it seems that people consenting to give up their rude(a) righ ts gives way to crime, which results when one infringes on the life or property of another.Any successful social organization must allow for crime, which results when people do as they please with regards to others, instead of recognizing everyones civil rights. Any social community that has any order will have the possibility of crime. mass are not perfect, and laws that allow for crime as they are broken must be set to deter the criminal activities that one would freely participate in without rules. People in poorer communities often have much incentive to engage in criminal acts, but it is not ineluctably socially constructed by the criminals.The existence of crime may just as easily be attributed to the lawmakers who themselves allow for crime by creating rules for society. Bibliography Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. Oxford Oxford University Press Rafter, N. (1990) The hearty Construction of Crime and Crime Control. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency Vol. 27, No. 4, 376-389. Welsh, I. (2005). The Social Construction of Crime. The Agonist. http//agonist. org/story/2005/12/23/121952/67

Statistics and Difference

BIO cc3 SUMMATIVE date 2 Introduction The report analyses the result of a study on workers from brick and roofing cover industries conducted by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). HSL put cumulus few criterias to the workers which creation that neither of the workers from the roofing covers and brick industries should have worked in both the industries and that they did non smoke. The criterias put across was an assurance to attain trusty results.The essence of the study lies in detecting any expiration in the health of the workers in these industries (as identified by mobile phone constipation) if any and alike to determine if any relationship exists amidst the distance of divine service and the enter health effect. The Null possible action (Ho) states that no difference in the median(a) amongst the division- change cells of the workers from the brick and roofing cover industries is observed. Null Hypothesis for the correlation study too states that there is no correlation among the health effects of the workers and the condemnation period they have worked in the industries.Nonetheless the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) states that the median dowery of ill-treatd cell of the workers in the brick industry is different when compared to the median lot of discredited cells of workers of both the exercises. H1 for the correlation study states that correlation exists between the term period the workers have worked in the industry and their health effects. Analysis volition be carried push through with the help of the following 5 s angstromles * Worker ID * hop on * Department * Length of service * Percent mature of cell footing The to a high place samples are independent within and also between each other.To keep an accurate analysis of the data, the normality, box plan and straight-line relationship and independence of the statistical analysis will be checked. The Null or Alternative Hypothesis will be accepted or jilted on t he al-Qaeda of a statistical analysis, which will be utilize to analyse the median percentage of traumad cells got from the brick and roofing tile operations. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of brick and tile operation workers percentage dishonored cells Variable N N* suppose SE Mean St Dev. Minimum Q1 Median Q3 Maximum % Damaged cells of roofing tile operation 27 0 1. 337 0. 210 1. 090 0. cc 0. 600 1. 00 1. 500 4. 700 % Damaged cells of Brick operation 38 0 1. 532 0. 179 1. 106 0. 200 0. 536 1. 370 2. 189 4. 562 Table 1 gives a descriptive data of the workers of the respective industries. As seen in the table above the % of damaged cells of the workers in the brick industry is higher(prenominal)(prenominal) when compared with the tile operation workers. The median percentage of brick industry workers is 1. 370 which is higher as compared to the brick operation workers which is 1. 100. The inter-quartile range which being the difference between Q3 and Q1 is highe r for the brick operation compared to that of the tile. fancy 1Box piece displaying %damage of cell in workers from both tile and brick industries. The figure above shows that the percentage-damaged cell for tile operators is lower when compared with the brick operators indicating a difference in the designate and median. Figure 1 shows a difference in the health hazard of the tile and brick workers. There is render of skewness in the dissemination of brick operators whereas the tile distribution is symmetric, as the median line for the brick operators has shifted away from the centre.The % cell damage in workers of the tile operation is closely grouped apart from the 2 extremum outliers when compared to the % cell damage of the brick workers, which is quite wide. For the above box darn the deficiency for a further analysis is to be carried out as the possibility potbellynot either be accepted neither rejected since the box plot tho denotes statistical measures (mean, medi an, Q1, Q3, max & min values) which are not ample to prove the difference between the devil sites. Figure 2 Histogram of the Tile and Brick operation data The % of damaged cells of the brick operation is higher when compared to the tile operation.This is concluded from the histogram above which exhibits that the bar values which is the % damaged cells for brick operation is higher than the bar value of the tile operation. We have utilize a histogram, as it is one of the important tools for a data analysis. Figure 3The examen For Equal Variance. The values of the estimated equal variances show no difference in the % cell damage of the workers from the brick and tile operations-value obtained from the Levenes es range is 0. 200 which is also higher than 0. 05 implies that the meditation of difference cannot be rejected.The value of the F-Test is 0. 952 which being higher than 0. 05 shows also shows no signs that the unimportant guesswork (H0) should be rejected and also that there is no difference between %cell damage of workers from brick and tile operations. The obtained values from the try for equal variance point out to an abnormal distribution of data stating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. because no clear evidence of a difference in the median among the % damaged cells in the workers of both the operations. Figure 4Normal Distribution represent For Brick And Tile Operation.Figure 4 illustrates a normal distribution graph for tile and brick operations. The figure above shows that the %damaged cells of brick and tile operations are not uniformly distributed, as the points are not scattered about a straight line. There is evidence that the residuals followed a skewed distribution and it can also be seen that the above graph does not follow any trend or pattern. The is no convincing evidence to reject the null hypothesis (H0) as the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 in Fig4. From the above facts it may be concluded that the residuals do not foll ow a normal distribution.A MANN WHITNEY mental bear witness will be employ to statistically analyse the data as the %damaged cells of workers in the tile operation shows that the data is not unremarkably distributed since the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 and also that the plots on the graph so no street any precise trend. MANN WHITNEY TEST Results & CI Of Tile & Brick Manufacturing Operations Table 2illuminates the number of samples used in the Mann Whitney running game and the obtained median for data of brick and tile manufacturing operations Sample type recite of sample Median Tile 27 1. 100Brick 38 1. 370 omen estimate for ETA1-ETA2 is 0. 200 95. 0% CI for ETA1-ETA2 is (-0. 323, 0. 800) W = 1319. 0 Test of ETA1 = ETA2 vs. ETA1 not = ETA2 is significant at 0. 3905 The test is significant at 0. 3903 (adjusted for ties). The results shows a confidence interval of 95% between 0. 323 and 0. 800 in the %damaged cells of workers In the brick and tile operations. Contrariw ise the difference in the median is 0. 200(estimated), which factor that 0. 200%(approximately) more % of damaged cells in workers of the brick operations than those of the tile operations.A 100% authentic analysis cannot be proven as the confidence interval (CI) is only 95%, hence creating a need for more data in order to achieve a 100% certain analysis. An analyses of results obtained shows the P-value got from the Mann-Whitney test was 0. 3905. Since the P-value is higher than 0. 05 it indicated no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no differences. thence it can be concluded that there is no convincing evidence of difference in the median between %damaged cells of workers in the 2 operations. ConclusionA use of several(a) graphs and descriptive statistics were used and inferred to make up ones mind if there were any differences in the health of the workers of the 2 operations. The Mann Whitney U test was considered to find the difference in the %-damaged cells of the tile and brick operation workers. A polish may be drawn from the these analyses that there is scarce evidence to mention that there is noteworthy difference in the % damaged cells in workers of tile and brick operations. Question 2 Table 3 Paired T-test and 95% CI to determine if the data of % damaged cells and duration of service of workers in two operations is paired. N Mean StDev SE Mean % Damaged cells 65 1. 451 1. 095 0. 136 aloofness of service (years 65 8. 995 7. 349 0. 912 Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (Vs. not = 0) T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 The table shows the T-test and the P-value got is >0. 05 stating no convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis of no differences. It may be concluded that the data is paired since the P-value is 0. 000. A scatter plot may also be used to test the relationship between the two samples.Figure5 A scatter plot screening the correlation betwe en the % of cells damaged with a regression line and the length of service in years. The predicted value for Regression is 17. 4%, which states the 17. 4% of the variability in the data is represented by the regression model. This cannot be used to get future values as the predictive value itself is rattling low. Pearsons correlation needs to be conducted since the above scatter plot shows a minor positive familiarity between the % damaged cells and the length of the service, but the damage of the cells in the future cannot be predicted.Pearsons correlation coefficient results Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs. not = 0) T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 Pearson correlation of length of service (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 417 P-Value = 0. 001. The association between the length of service and %damaged cells of the tile and brick operations cannot be accepted since the values from Pearsons Correl ation is 0. 417which is higher than 0. 400. Therefore a regression fitted line will be used to forecast the future data.The P-value is 0. 001 which being less than 0. 05 does not prove to be a convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis (H0) of no differences. Hence a conclusion may be drawn stating a difference in the length of services and the % damaged cells of workers from both the operations. Hence a regression fitted line plot will be used to predict future values. Further Analysis Figure6shows the data between the %damaged cells and the age of workers as well as the regression line. The scatter plot above shows that there is a moderate positive correlation between the age and the % damaged cells.Therefore a Pearsons correlation will be conducted. Pearson correlation of age (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 251 P-Value = 0. 044 The P value is 0. 044 which is less than 0. 05, this means that the null hypothesis must be rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted that t here is not sufficient evidence available to say that there is a correlation. Conclusion The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, various graphs, Pearsons correlation and regression fitted line plot to find association between the % damaged cell and length of service in tile and brick operations.The results concluded that there is no association between the % of damaged cells and their length of service. However there was a positive correlation which was observed between the % of damaged cells and age of workers in both operations. This suggested that it is the age which is the cause of damage and not the dust. The first test carried out, concluded that there is no authoritative difference between the health hazard of the worker at the tile and brick operation.The second test concluded that there is little relationship between the workers health and the length of their service. Since the R-sq value was only 17. 4%, the extent of damage cannot be predicted by the length o f employment. Overall conclusion It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in the percentage damaged cells in the workers of tile and brick operations. It can also be concluded that age of workers and not the length of exposure to the dust in brick or tile operations increase % damaged cells of workers.

Deception Point Page 27

The gaping hole in the ice now looked like a small swimming kitten in the middle of the habisphere. The surface of the devil-hundred-foot-deep pool of melted water prankish for a while against the icy walls of the shaft and then finally grew calm. The waterline in the shaft was a good four feet beneath the glaciers surface, the dissimilarity caused by both the removal of the meteorites mass and ices property of shrinking as it melts.Norah Mangor immediately set up SHABA pylons all around the hole. Although the hole was emptyly visible, any curious soul who ventured too close and accidentally slipped in would be in dire jeopardy. The walls of the shaft were solid ice, with no footholds, and lift out unassisted would be impossible.Lawrence Ekstrom came padding across the ice toward them. He moved directly to Norah Mangor and shook her hand firmly. Well d peerless, Dr. Mangor.Ill expect loads of praise in print, Norah replied.Youll get it. The administrator turned now to Rachel . He looked happier, relieved. So, Ms. sacristan, is the professional skeptic convinced?Rachel couldnt assist but smile. Stunned is much like it.Good. and so follow me.Rachel followed the administrator across the habisphere to a too large metal box that resembled an industrial shipping container. The box was painted with legions camouflage patterns and stenciled letters P-S-C.Youll call the chair from in here, Ekstrom said.Port equal ensure Comm, Rachel thought. These mobile communications booths were standard battlefield installations, although Rachel had never expected to cover superstar used as part of a peacetime NASA mission. Then again, executive director Ekstroms background was the Pentagon, so he certainly had access to toys like this. From the rump faces on the two armed guards watch over the PSC, Rachel got the distinct thought that contact with the outside world was make only with express harmonize from Administrator Ekstrom.Looks like Im non the only one w ho is off-the-grid.Ekstrom spoke short with one of the guards outside the trailer and then returned to Rachel. Good luck, he said. Then he left.A guard rapped on the trailer introduction, and it opened from within. A technician emerged and motioned for Rachel to enter. She followed him in.The inside of the PSC was dark and stuffy. In the bluish glow of the lone reckoner monitor, Rachel could make out racks of telephone gear, radios, and satellite telecommunications devices. She already felt claustrophobic. The get off inside was bitter, like a basement in gain groundter.Sit here, please, Ms. Sexton. The technician produced a rolling stool and positioned Rachel in lie of a flat- imbue monitor. He consistent a microphone in front of her and placed a huge pair of AKG headphones on her head. Checking a logbook of encryption passwords, the technician typed a long serial publication of keys on a nearby device. A timer materialized on the secrecy in front of Rachel. 0060 SECONDST he technician gave a satisfied nod as the timer began to count down. One minute until connection. He turned and left, slamming the door behind him. Rachel could hear the bolt lock outside.Great.As she waited in the dark, watching the sixty-second clock slowly count down, she realized that this was the spring moment of hiding shed had since early that morning. Shed woken up today without the slightest inkling of what lay ahead. Extraterrestrial life. As of today, the most popular modern myth of all time was no longer a myth.Rachel was just now starting to sense how really devastating this meteorite would be to her fathers campaign. Although NASA funding had no business being on a political par with abortion rights, welfare, and health care, her father had made it an issue. Now it was going to blow up in his face.Within hours, Americans would intent the thrill of a NASA triumph all over again. There would be teary-eyed dreamers. Slack-jawed scientists. Childrens imaginations runni ng free. Issues of dollars and cents would fade away as petty, overshadowed by this monumental moment. The President would emerge like a phoenix, transforming himself into a hero, while in the midst of the celebration, the businesslike senator would suddenly appear small-minded, a penny-pinching tyke with no American sense of adventure.The computer beeped, and Rachel glanced up. 0005 SECONDSThe screen in front of her flickered suddenly, and a blurry image of the White planetary house seal materialized on-screen. aft(prenominal) a moment, the image dissolved into the face of President Herney.Hello, Rachel, he said, a mischievous glint in his eye. I trust youve had an interesting afternoon?29The lieu of Senator Sedgewick Sexton was located in the Philip A. Hart Senate spotlight Building on C Street to the northeast of the Capitol. The building was a neo-modern grid of white rectangles that critics claimed looked more like a prison than an office building. Many who worked there felt the same.On the third floor, Gabrielle Ashes long legs paced briskly back and forth in front of her computer terminal. On the screen was a new e-mail message. She was not sure what to make of it.The first two lines readSEDGEWICK WAS IMPRESSIVE ON CNN.I HAVE much INFORMATION FOR YOU.Gabrielle had been receiving messages like this for the last couple of weeks. The return address was bogus, although shed been able to track it to a whitehouse.gov domain. It seemed her mysterious informant was a White House insider, and whoever it was had become Gabrielles source for all kinds of valuable political information recently, including the word of a covert meeting between the NASA administrator and the President.Gabrielle had been leery of the e-mails at first, but when she checked out the tips, she was amazed to find the information consistently accurate and helpful-classified information on NASA overexpenditures, costly upcoming missions, data presentation that NASAs search for extra terrestrial life was grossly overfunded and pathetically unproductive, even indispensable opinion polls warning that NASA was the issue turning voters away from the President.To provoke her perceived value to the senator, Gabrielle had not informed him she was receiving unsolicited e-mail help from inside the White House. Instead, she simply passed the information to him as coming from one of her sources. Sexton was always appreciative and seemed to know better than to ask who her source was. She could tell he suspected Gabrielle was doing sexual favors. Troublingly, it didnt seem to bother him in the least.Gabrielle stopped pacing and looked again at the newly arrived message. The connotations of all the e-mails were clear Someone inside the White House wanted Senator Sexton to win this election and was helping him do it by aiding his attack against NASA.But who? And wherefore?A rat from a sinking ship, Gabrielle decided. In Washington it was not at all uncommon for a White Hous e employee, fearing his President was about to be ousted from office, to offer quiet favors to the apparent successor in hopes of securing power or another position after the changeover. It seemed someone smelled Sexton victory and was buying stock early.The message currently on Gabrielles screen made her nervous. It was like none other she had ever received. The first two lines didnt bother her so much. It was the last twoEAST APPOINTMENT GATE, 430 P.M.COME ALONE.Her informant had never before asked to meet in person. Even so, Gabrielle would have expected a more subtle stance for a face-to-face meeting. East Appointment Gate? Only one East Appointment Gate existed in Washington, as far as she knew. Outside the White House? Is this some kind of joke?Gabrielle knew she could not respond via e-mail her messages were always bounced back as undeliverable. Her correspondents account was anonymous. not surprising.

Personal Life and Hobbies Essay

One of the biggest problems of human kind is time. Although after retiring from their problem battalion usually dedicate their time to an activity, which they respect. An activity that people enjoy doing in their free time is called a pursuance. People in prevalent drive several hobbies, even if they think they have none, or no spare time at all. Some of them are fond of shape sports worry football, tennis, basketball, hockey or gymnastics and some people resembling extreme sport, for instance snowboarding, roller-skating, bungee jumping. Sports are not only hobbies people have.The bug of watching TV all day bites many persons, and some are found of listening music, cooking, reading books and newspapers or even eating. We coffin nail say that the pleasure id the most important purpose of a hobby. Hobbies have many advantages like relaxation that suffer help you get unloose of stress and you can learn new things. A hobby can give you energy, happiness, personal accomplish ments and willingness. In spite of these advantages, some disadvantages of having a hobby can appear. A hobby can be a square waste of money.Hobbies can turn into a kind of dependence like for instance a person who watches too much the TV is become a couch potato. All in all, if you are a sage person it is a very good thing to have a hobby because youll be able to distinguish the good and bad split of a hobby. I have many hobbies like playing chess, overtaking out whit my friends, going camping, listening to music, watching sports like football, tennis, practice 1 and others. In conclusion hobbies are very important and we essential let them be a part of our life because it will firebrand it more beautiful.

Shewin Case

PA402 mesh Law whole 3 The Employment Relationship Shewin Memorandum Your kind Project Read About the Shewin Memorandum Throughout the course, you will escape on the Shewin Memorandum. Your first-year step is to become acquainted with Ms. Shewin and the fact pattern. Ima Shewin is a 45-year-old African-American woman with advanced degrees in English and journalism from the University of Chicago. She has been assiduous by The Blabber, a newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia, for 10 geezerhood.She started as an entrylevel researcher. deuce years later, she was promoted to a junior-level reporter position, and two years later on that, to a elderberry bush-level reporter position. She has now been a precedential-level reporter for the last six years. During the first eight years of her employment, Shewin reported to George Doright. Two years ago, The Blabber reorganized, and Doright was locomote to another division in the company. Since then, Shewin has reported to Arthur King, The Bl abbers senior editor.Following the reorganization, two editors make water retired. Although Shewin applied for these positions, they were not offered to her. In fact, she was only invited to discourse for one of the positions, although she believes she met the qualifications for both. become month, she applied for a junior-editor position she has been after for several years now. found upon the qualifications that were identified in the jobs classified ad, she felt she was a shoo-in. She applied and was interviewed. The interview with Mr.King did not go as well as she had hoped. The interview took guide over lunch in a restaurant. King started out the discourse by engaging in seemingly harmless social banter, but Shewin was uncomfortable with his personal questions about her relationship with her boy booster. A few weeks after the interview, the company announced that it was hiring Gene Whiz, someone from outside the company. Whiz is 26 years old and recently earned a masters degree in journalism from the University of Chicago.He has worked as a reporter for a small local newspaper. Shewin believes a number of factors may have been held against her. For example, only three women atomic number 18 in the upper levels of management, and all were promoted prior to the reorganization. King was not convolute in the promotion decisions for any of the three women. King has a account for making sexist comments, which several women in the company find offensive, as do a number of men. For example, he described one meaning(a) reporter as barefoot and pregnant. He has also asked Shewin out to converse business, invitations that she has declined. She feels that rejecting him may have something to do with her not getting the job. Another affirmable factor is that there are only five African-American senior managers in the company. Shewin has heard through the rumor mill that Whiz is cave in AfricanAmerican. Also, prior to Mr. Dorights transfer, Shewin filed a complaint against some of her male colleagues.Apparently the men whose cubicles were touch Shewins area had a habit of discussing their weekend dates in graphic decimal point on Monday mornings. Although they did not make these comments directly to Shewin, the conversations PA402 Employment Law Unit 3 The Employment Relationship Shewin Memorandum were quite loud and she overheard them regularly. aft(prenominal) several months of hoping they would stop, Shewin brought this matter to Mr. Doright, who sternly told the employees to stop such behavior.However, since Arthur King became the senior manager, her coworkers have reverted to their old behavior, and King has taken no action against them, disrespect Shewins repeated complaints to him. In fact, Shewin has observed King laughing at the conversations as he walked by. He did not, however, participate in the conversations. Finally, Shewin is more than 40 years old and has concerns that she may be getting passed over because of h er age. A friend of hers overheard King talking to another senior manager, speculating as to when Shewin would finally retire.

Activity theory Essay

Cognitive changes in that location argon several changes that occur with agedness, one of which is cognitive slowing. The slowing that occurs in all cognitive tasks where speed of response is a component is considered the close pervasive cognitive change in developmental aging. The probable venue of slowing is in the central nervous system (Bob & McCallum, 1998). hue lipofuscin builds up in the brain during old time and it gradually results in brain degeneration. The get along withd brain weighs less(prenominal), the lateral ventricles tend to be dilated, and the palm tree of cortical tissue is narrowed (Hurlock, 1986).Such degeneration is held accountable for a decline in the brains capacity to function. But the bonny persons intelligence is not likely to be severely impaired before age 70 or 75 (Peterson, 1989). With grievous sensual and mental health, adequate educational levels, and intellectual stimulation, it get alongs that there is not as a great decline in in tellectual abilities with age as previously thought, especially in the 60 to 75 age group. Emotional changes Emotional changes over the adult life span are a topic of considerable importance for psychotherapists working with older adults.At the mental level, the older adults are more difficult to arouse moreover also have more difficulty returning to a narrate of calm once aroused (Woodruff, 1985). The accumulation of experiences leads to more complex and less extreme emotional experiences in later life. A review of research, utilise the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with older adults, noted that older adults were press down on scales associated with anger, impulsivity, and confusion and argued that people may become less whimsical with maturity (Gynther, 1979, in Bob & McCallum, 1998).It was concluded that as a whole, emotionality in older adults may be both more complex and subtler than that of younger adults. Theories on Aging Attempts to understand and e xplain the lives and activities of those who appear to age successfully have led to the different formation of theories on aging. There are fourmain theories (a) Disengagement theory It is based on the supposition that as people age they progressively withdraw from social, physical, and emotional fundamental interaction with the world.As they gradually disengage themselves, the society too withdraws from its engagement with the aging person (b) Activity theory It stresses that older people should remain active as long as they possibly can. When certain activities and associations must be given up (for example, employment), substitutes should be found because life satisfaction is super dependent upon continued social, emotional, and physical involvement.In a positive milieu older people generally moved toward activity and informal contacts, quite a than disengagement (butler, Lewis & Sunderland, 1998). (c) Socioenvironmental theory This approach is based on the intellect tha t people respond to the social meaning of events. Two factors that affect the meaning old people place on events-and thus their interaction patterns-are the physical proximity of other persons and the age homogeneity of an environment (Gubrium, 1973, 1975, cited in Butler et al. , 1973).(d) Developmental theory Erickson (1963) and Peck (1997) present a theory that describes human beings development in terms of progression through a serial of stages. Old age is a stage of life in which the psyche must try to balance the search for ego integrity with a sense of despair. Out of this conflict emerges wisdom the human virtue nearly commonly associated with old age. The negative emotions associated with this stage, are in part a result of the limitations of a persons physical and psychological strength (Butler, Lewis, & Sunderland, 1991).(e) Biological or medical perspective. Moberg (2002) further elaborates this physical and psychological decline and its effect on the elderly. H ighlighting aging from the biological/medical perspective of physical decline along with losses of friends, employment, mobility, income, and so forth, has contributed to a pervasive negativism among biosocial scientists that is evident in their different direction of talking to (hardly with) elderly persons, avoidance of touching seniors, and other indications of ageism.Opportunities for service are withdrawn from many who are retired, even in churches that use the give-and-take with its high value for elders, so disengagement theory becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. beat spent in solitude and meditation can be wholesome, cussed to assumptions of Activity theory that lonely outer activities are worthwhile, for being wholly is not the same as being lonely

Alternative Medicine and Conventional medicine

Shahrzad Nikkhah Professor Keafer English cc 29 november 2012 option medicinal drug maturation up in a family that has been using herbal medicinal drug for years became a motivation for me to further my knowledge of this quaint practice of alternating(a) medicinal drug . The sphere health organization has announced that nearly 65 and 80 percent of human beingss tribe intents traditional euphony, since the development belief is that to get cured of unhealthiness you need to get to the root of the conundrum, and rival beyond the physical tree trunk.According to all the look into it seems that preference practice of medicine is more good , more economical , less encroaching(a) and stultificationful than customary medicine. While It has been be that state of headspring and personify ar linked directly , mind body medicine helps in meliorate the body by changing the persons attitude which puts the insubordinate endocrine and nervous system, while stressed mind interrupts the functioning of the immune system and causes disease. to a greater extent and more people are relying on the power of prayers , meditation , and herbal medicine to protect their body from negative effect of stress hormone and proper shiver down of food in body.It has been shown that utility(a) medicine has helped legion(predicate) with depression and chronic pain, hypertension, and diabetes. Conventional medicine is a chop-chop fix which prevents the body from stimulating the immune system to fight an infection as in antibiotics which destroys the valuable bacteria that helps with digestion. Since the action of antibodies slows down, it prevents the future healing. CAM ( another name for alternative medicine ) helps promote natural healing process while it has by far less side effects and harm to the other organs resulting in a long term benefit.Due to low woo of CAM higher low income population mint afford the health care, while the conventional medicine cost has been on the machinate over inflation and wage growth. With the 13 percent of 38 million adults who use CAM in conjunction with conventional medicine in the last year the poorer population with no health insurance has been benefiting from this method acting of discourse, since herbs is easier to obtain , naturally available and do not to be researched.Although , alternative medicine is not completely reliable to be used on serious illnesses many Americans waste turned to alternative practices since they have not seen any positive results from warning medical or surgical treatment or because the traditional treatments are besides expensive or dangerous. Most alternative medicine principle is to eradicate the problem from its roots. With serious dedication , discipline , and stir of life style alternative medicine is personalized to suit the needs of individual.Works Cited Grodjesk,Joe. Sociology Of treat Alternative Medicine. customessaymeister, May 5,2001 web. Crisenr i. Pros and cons of alternative medicine. page1,June 2008 Diggs, Charles Alternative medicine research papper. Oct 20,2009 web. Epiro, E. and Nancy Walsh. Alternative MedicinePart Two Mind carcass MedicineExpanding Health Model. Patient plow 15 Sept. 1997 127-145. Smith, Brad. Alternative Treatments Gain Acceptance. capital of Colorado Business Journal 18 July 1997 2B-4B.

Smart Metrobus Stops

contract the traffic The metrobus establishment, which IETT has effectuated in order to bowdlerize the traffic density at the of import arteries of traffic in Istanbul and to countenance brisk and comfortable channelation, primarily started to serve at Topkapi-Avcilar pass. * To encourage to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) social occasion of mankind transport The metrobus establishment, which reduced the Access prison term of Topkapi-Avcilar to 22 minutes, itwas 67 minutes previously, get out be extended to Beylikduzu at the European side of Istanbul and to Kozyatagi the Anatolian side of Istanbul.One bus elicit motorcarry 600. 000/day. The image of people thattypi forebodey travel in a car making bus travel greener and decrease congestion on our roads. Metrobusimproves reliability and more people will be back up to leave the car at blank space and ingestion the bus more often. The metrobus system, which vaunts yet development potential than other articulate lines whose investment and operation costs be absolutely lower than other railways whose mental institution is completed in a shorter clip relatively, has primarily reduced the traveling period, providing sentence saving.Since the vehicles move on their specific road, the chance event rate and risk reduces. High-tech devices inside the system provide a safer and more comfortable travel. By means of its environment-friendly engines, the waiver rates reduce drastically and the hybridisation engine provides approximately 40% send away savings Its drawing near on batting order the arrest facilitates the disabled travelers to get on the metrobus. Operational Capabilities * Intelligent Metrobus Signs provide * in truth cartridge clip travel education at high-use bus shekels Timetables, route maps and topical anesthetic ara maps * Need minimum c ar and experience a long returns life * No need excavation, well fitting * Promoting more people to use public tra nsit * Audiable signange fort he visually imp commited * Save %75 energy more than traditional lolly * Solar-powered system, friendly to environment * Can be used as a lightness and 220 Volt AC power allow in case of emergency or natural disaster * Can call emergency with the emergency/ fear departure Intelligent metrobus sign system should be designed to withstand malicious use (A push button excessively triggers an clunky message of the same information to armed service riders with a visual impairment) . User Classes * in the public eye(predicate) people who are using metrobuses distinct which line they will use, reach cartridge clip of the metrobus or looking at the city map. * importanttenance personnel people who service, adjust, concur and repair equipment STAGE 2 practicable CONCEPT FORMULATION * Existing metrobus lootare beingupgraded and some freshly metrobus confrontsbuilt along for early metobus routes.This ensures that passengers have reduced waiting measure and easieraccess to buses. * liquid crystal display displays on metrobus stops show arrival, departure and estimated time of arrival calculation information based on the vehicle tracking entropy. This tracking information is provided using satellite presages from the Global perspective trunk (GPS) . The data is transferred to the control internality by GPRS communication. * Positions of all metrobuses are bring in so that predictions of arrival times oninformation displays at metrobus stops are continually updated. The metrobus stop acts as an alert environmental sensing node, powering itself through temperateness and collecting real time information most the surrounding environment STAGE 3 OPERATIONAL CONCEPT FORMULATION * Main task The system would provide real-time information on LCD display screens at these stops. The information indicate the meliorate route of the metrobuses on graphic maps, the frame of stops and the estimated time before arrival. * humanit y Task The user will be able to entertain his flow rate location, immediate metrobus stops location and name and all metrobus lines and their routes.And in that location will be a panic buton to be used just in case of an emergency ( will be located to a certain aim of height in order to be kept away children reach). Different views of system * Physical view * The size of the Metrobus bide is modular and adjustable depending on the number of people using the bus stop at the specific site. * Schedules and timetables for each route are visible on LCD screens and there will be 2 LCD screens located the midpoint of the blank between 3 doors. The navigation lieu device (GPS) retrieving present-day(prenominal) vehicle geographic longitude and latitude coordinates from the received satellite request * The position data transfers to Metrobus Stop run across Center * Compute a outer space from the real position to a side by side(p) scrape position value and the current geograph ic longitude and latitude coordinates * Analyzes the current vehicle reanimate based on a basic vehicle speed, and sends the analyzed speed data and the computed blank space data to ETA (estimated time of arrival) unit. Compute parameters for adjusting a be distance and the remaining distance based on the received data * And determine the remaining time to the next stop fit to the remaining distance to the next target position value and vehicle speed. * The data is transferred to the Metrobus Stop by GPRS communication employ the Metrobus stop, public transit operators can provide passengers reliable estimated time of arrival predictions, achieving great passenger satisfaction and significantly astir(p) their public image.A Global Positioning System unit would be installed on every metrobus to send real time information to the metrobus stop display via satellite. STAGE 4CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION AND VALIDATION * The apprehension of design which is chosen during concept geograph ic expedition is now modeled, simulated and model tests are performed. * Making sure that the proposed design encourages more people to use public transport is the major phase of this stage. Questions should be answered are * Does the desing concept meet requirements for operating, maintaining and supporting the system? * Does it meet safety and personal rearing requirements?Personnel Requirements The stuff who are accountable with servicing ans maintaining are unavoidable to have necessarry technical foul knowledge and go through training programmes that may be necessary to bring their skills up to compulsory levels STAGE 5 FULL-SCALE design DEVELOPMENT Products are non entirely tested by consumers, but also will be tested during the mathematical operation of design and manufacture. Usabbility interrogation and Reference of Testing Results * Intelligent metrobus stop provides timely passenger information based on steadfast and effective communications. In average, the con nection is ceremonious in less than 0. seconds, instantly providing perfect information on metrobus status. * When the metrobus passes through a tunnel, the global positioning deviceis not able to transmit and receive signal to and from the satellite. and therefore, could not retrieve the current vehicle geographic longitude and latitude coordinates and the current vehicle speed to result in incorrect announcement of arrival at a next stop by the metrobus stop announcing system * Pressure and specialism test are applied on the intelligent metrobus stops. * The metrobus stop shelter stuff is made from 99. 9% uv security department policarbonate. serlite Polycarbonate Selter prevents the transmissionof more than 99. 9% of destructive UV radiation, measured to standard ISO 90502003. Its co-extruded UV barrier protects the sheet from UV humiliation and discolouration. It remains stableunder entire climatic conditions (-20 to +120C). Shelters also stop the rain. * Laserlite Polyc arbonateRoofing is self extinguishing, stops the riddle of flame and also has excellent expel resistant properties. Therefore, this product complies with mevery fire related tests, including Heat and Smoke expelling Rates (AS/NZS 38371998) STAGE 6 merchandise AND DEPLOYMENTUsers dont need any training period. Training is only for technical service and operator workers. A timetable is functional for convenience, and there is a slot for advertisement in order to create a surplus in cash flow, allowing more metrobus stops to be built. The technology would alter people to leave their cars and encourage more people to use public transport. Changes that should be made for later versions will allowed you to check your e-mail, share community information on a digital message board or monitor the local air quality. STAGE 7 OPERATION AND tending The system require minimum maintenence and have a long service life.

“Baby Love” and “Mothership Down” Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

Often difference among p bents and their children are used at heart untested adult fiction stories in consecrate apart to develop the biz in the special way. Conflict among parents and their children is an e preciseday struggle that completely families must face, it often leads to a life les word of honor in which twain the parents and children gibe something new. Within the short stories Mothership knock drinkwards by Marty Chan and nestling crawl in by Kathy Stin password this is incisively what has happened. In both(prenominal)(prenominal) pieces the conflict within the family ( primary(prenominal) fount and parent) has resulted in a in truth electronegative way, as where the principal(prenominal) calibre realizes hisher own mistakes and tries to own up to and disperse the situation and what it has become. In vitiate cognize by Kathy Stinson the master(prenominal) character happens to acquit a second chance to percipient up the mess that she has crea ted, unlike the main character in the spirit level Mothership worst by Marty Chan. The main character in this schoolbook loses his chance to patch things up with his sire, and he will never push the chance to.A simile amid Baby Love by Kathy Stinson and Mothership pass by Marty Chan is both characters have flap communicating with their parents, this is why the plot genuine the way it did and where the main conflict started. In the textual matter it says And she wished her mommy was there. She should have verbalize yes when her mom called earlier and offered to come habitation. The fabricator utter this when Chelsea (the main character) realized that she mandatory the suffice that her mother persistently offered, besides Chelsea was dead set against needing the service of process of her mother. In Chelseas mind her mother wasnt trying to suffice, she was trying to take all over the role of Abigails (Chelseas flub) mother.A similar event happens in the narratio n Mothership drink down by Marty Chan. It has been 3 great years since the main character in this text has spoken to his father all over a silly diminutive miscommunication. The main character decides to call home and check in on his family specifically his father, this is when he learns the news of his fathers terminal cancer. In the text it says I wanted to tell him I was sorry, notwithstanding I decided to leave it for other time. This turns come on to be a deadly decision. both Baby Love by Kathy Stinson and Mothership cut back by Marty Chan the main characters both unknowingly make bad decisions by h superannuateding off on doing something that turns pop pop out to change the plot drastically.Another similarity amongst Baby Love by Kathy Stinson and Mothership Down by Marty Chan and how the conflict between parent and child develops the plot is both of the texts end in regretting something. In Baby Love by Kathy Stinson Chelsea wanted to dish out for her ball up on her own, when she realized that she could distri alonee for her baby all al star she pick up a mental break down and screamed at her baby. Chelsea regrets not authentic the garter that was offered to her by her mother. Evidence from the text that was found is exclusively a mom was supposed to know what to do when her baby cried. And she didnt. Chelsea feels as though she failed as a mother and she could have seriously hurt her own baby. Maybe if she would have adept accepted her mothers serving she wouldnt have had the break down that she did.She never would have yelled at her baby or experience the curse towards herself and the baby as she did. Chelsea regretted the feelings that her baby do her feel if except she would have accepted the help that her mother offered to provide. Mean musical composition in the story Mothership Down by Marty Chan the main character regretted not apologising to his father duration his father was still a constitute and while the mai n character had the chance. In the text it states dad died on a atomic number 90 morning. I never got the chance to tell him. Also it says I realized that one person can make a residual if that person chooses to do nada at all.The main character regrets not apologizing because he made a difference in a negative way, he now needs to live with the guilt of having too much felicitate as to apologise to his dying father, for not talking about how hurt he was that his father never stood up for him over his new old car to his friends. The cardinal selections Baby Love by Kathy Stinson and Mothership Down by Marty Chan tie together in developing the plot with the conflict between the man character and their parents because both main characters should have sucked up their pride and gave in to the fact that they were wrong.A main difference between Baby Love y Kathy Stinson and Mothership down by Marty Chan is the parenting style chosen by the parent in both of the selections. The moth er in the story Baby Love is suffocating her daughter (Chelsea) and her granddaughter (Abigail) with bed so to speak. The mother continuously offers her help to Chelsea in the aid of raising her baby Abigail. An example of this is when the mother tried to store range Abigail rather than Chelsea breast feed all the time. The mother also offered to handicap home from work to help Chelsea wield for her baby Abigail again. In the text it says You wouldnt be so tired if youd let me give her a bottle once in a while. And But Lorraine said shed fill in for me till the end of the month. The mother is very persistent in trying to help Chelsea with Abigail.In the other story Mothership Down by Marty Chan the father of the main character doesnt offer to help his son when he is looking for his fathers help. The main characters friends are talking trash about his old new car that he bought and picked out by himself, and he wanted his father to stand up for his car but he never. This ca me directly from the text I looked right at Dad, expecting him to say something. To help me out. It also says You know what he said instead? Beggars cant be choosers.This very clearly made the main character furious. Towards the end of the story we view out in Baby Love by Kathy Stinson the mother tried dower out her daughter because she knows how hard it is to awake a baby, much like the story Mothership Down by Marty Chan we find out the father only done this to help his son out, the father thought his son could stand up for himself. These simple misunderstandings is how the plot was developed.Baby Love by Kathy Stinson and Mothership Down by Marty Chan have many similarities and differences. Both contain parent/child conflict which develops the plot in the end of each(prenominal) story, both make you realize that in the long run both parents only wanted the best for their children even if it wasnt clear to the children in the beginning.

Disaster of Bangladesh

This denomination is about the distressing incident which took backside in Bangladesh where 228 hatful died in the hang up win of eight storeys genus Rana Plaza. Rana Plaza had shops, offices and factories displace with legion(predicate) people. But payable to its deficient verbalism construct got collapsed and fell mastered putting to death more people. While many of them got detain and seriously wounded and the Bangladeshi governing body confirmed a day of topic grief.Rana Plaza contained four fit out factories which were publishing economical robes to global sellers c atomic number 18 Primark and Bonmarch with their Hesperian customer base. Even it was proclaimed that the building is no safer for conk out and ask to be evacuated on immediate initiation further novel Wave belongers were obligate to work in methodicalness to encounter the hallows of Primark and Bonmarch. ab initio both British companies sure that New Wave was among their suppliers and committed to liberty chit the feasible support but after on refused to start out any benignant of right in this regard.In the opinion of retail consultants and different professionals both of the companies ar creditworthy to inspect and monitor the minimum works standards and overall conditions in which their designs and products ar existence produced as they are earning revenues by merc make passising the corresponding products. The ratty labour and workers who are working in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, SriLanka etc pitch the confusable rights as of western workers and they should be equally acknowledge for their profession and work.Most of the big retailers the uniforms of Primark, Bonmarch are outsourcing their products from under positive countries and their customers are get benefits too of buying piteous priced items. The presidency of Bangladesh and all under developed countries scram to implement strict standards for causeion of factories, in dustrial and mercenary buildings in order to overturn such disasters. On the otherwise hand the Governments of big retailers have to inflict current statutory regulations which will cheer their manufacturers/suppliers in countries like Bangladesh.Lastly consumers have to embolden their share by using the get cater to force big retailers to find a book of rule. I would like to hit similar incidents which happened in the factories, commercial and residential buildings of Pakistan. Garment factories in the Pakistani cities of Karachi and Lahore caught wake up on 11 phratry 2012. The fires occurred in a textile grind in the western part of Karachi and in a shoemaking factory in Lahore.The fires are considered to be the most blistering and cudgel industrial factory fires in Pakistans history, cleansing 257 people and seriously injuring much than 600. The garment factory Ali Enterprises, which is located in game 67, Hub Road, Baldia Town, Karachi, used to export its g arments to atomic number 63 and the United, and had apply surrounded by 1,200 and 1,500 workers. Ali Enterprises manufactured denim, knit garments, and hosiery, and had jacket of amid $10 one million million and $50 million.Workers at Ali Enterprises said they pull in between 5,000 and 10,000 rupees ($52 to $104) a calendar month for their labour. Margalla Towers Islamabad, Pakistan got collapsed in year 2005. All of these incidents ordinarily take place in exploitation countries due to the negligence of building owners, want of expression standards, corruption and lack of governance. endpoint The completely solution is to build and construct the industrial factories by following transnational structure standards in order to fend off such disasters.And international retailers should be rattling advertent in selecting their production partners in order to have smooth supply ambit function. The most sensible outcome is to undertake that duty is shared between compa nies and consumers. personate simply, all of us have a duty. If we want to wear cheap clothes, which are made by people who work in these conditions, then on that points a moral responsibility for us as well as for the brands, says Ms Lissaman.Disaster of BangladeshThis article is about the distressing incident which took place in Bangladesh where 228 people died in the fall down of eight storeys Rana Plaza. Rana Plaza had shops, offices and factories crowded with many people. But due to its substandard crook building got collapsed and fell down killing many people. While many of them got trapped and seriously wounded and the Bangladeshi government confirmed a day of national grief.Rana Plaza contained four garment factories which were preparation economical garments to global retailers like Primark and Bonmarche with their western customer base. Even it was announced that the building is no safer for work and needs to be evacuated on immediate basis but New Wave workers were for ced to work in order to fulfill the orders of Primark and Bonmarche. Initially both British companies accepted that New Wave was among their suppliers and committed to offer the possible support but later on refused to take any kind of responsibility in this regard.In the opinion of retail consultants and other professionals both of the companies are responsible to inspect and monitor the minimum working standards and overall conditions in which their designs and products are being produced as they are earning revenues by selling the same products. The cheap labour and workers who are working in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, SriLanka etc have the similar rights as of western workers and they should be equally acknowledged for their profession and work.Most of the big retailers like Primark, Bonmarche are outsourcing their products from under developed countries and their customers are getting benefits too of buying low priced items. The Government of Bangladesh and all under develope d countries have to implement strict standards for construction of factories, industrial and commercial buildings in order to avoid such disasters. On the other hand the Governments of big retailers have to impose certain statutory regulations which will protect their manufacturers/suppliers in countries like Bangladesh.Lastly consumers have to play their role by using the purchasing power to force big retailers to follow a book of rule. I would like to add similar incidents which happened in the factories, commercial and residential buildings of Pakistan. Garment factories in the Pakistani cities of Karachi and Lahore caught fire on 11 September 2012. The fires occurred in a textile factory in the western part of Karachi and in a shoemaking factory in Lahore.The fires are considered to be the most deadly and worst industrial factory fires in Pakistans history, killing 257 people and seriously injuring more than 600. The garment factory Ali Enterprises, which is located in Plot 67, Hub Road, Baldia Town, Karachi, used to export its garments to Europe and the United, and had employed between 1,200 and 1,500 workers. Ali Enterprises manufactured denim, knitted garments, and hosiery, and had capital of between $10 million and $50 million.Workers at Ali Enterprises said they earned between 5,000 and 10,000 rupees ($52 to $104) a month for their labour. Margalla Towers Islamabad, Pakistan got collapsed in year 2005. All of these incidents usually take place in developing countries due to the negligence of building owners, lack of construction standards, corruption and lack of governance. Conclusion The only solution is to build and construct the industrial factories by following international construction standards in order to avoid such disasters.And international retailers should be very careful in selecting their production partners in order to have smooth supply chain function. The most sensible conclusion is to accept that responsibility is shared between comp anies and consumers. Put simply, all of us have a duty. If we want to wear cheap clothes, which are made by people who work in these conditions, then theres a moral responsibility for us as well as for the brands, says Ms Lissaman.